Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.191.1

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

कङ्क॑तो॒ न कङ्क॒तोऽथो॑ सती॒नक॑ङ्कतः । द्वाविति॒ प्लुषी॒ इति॒ न्य१॒॑दृष्टा॑ अलिप्सत ॥
कङ्कतो न कङ्कतोऽथो सतीनकङ्कतः । द्वाविति प्लुषी इति न्यदृष्टा अलिप्सत ॥
kaṅkato na kaṅkato 'tho satīnakaṅkataḥ | dvāv iti pluṣī iti ny adṛṣṭā alipsata ||

English translation:

“Some creature of little venom, some creature of great venom; or some venomous aquatic reptile; creatures of two kinds, both destructive (of life),or (poisonous) unseen creatures, have anointed me with their poison.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

The sūkta is a mystical antidote against poison. This was recited by Agastya under an apprehension of having been poisoned. kaṅkata, na kaṅkata, satīna kaṅkata = alpaviṣaḥ kas;cit, something of little venom; tadviparīto analpaviṣo mahoragāi, the opposite of that of not little venom, like great snakes and the like;

Satina = water; of two kinds: of little or of much venom; or creatures of land or water; unseen creatures: adṛṣṭā = of invisible forms; the appellation of certain poisonous insects; a class of poisons, or of poisonous creatures: viśaviśeṣaḥ viṣadhara viśeṣa vā; having anointed: alipsata = have smeared, have spread over all the limbs

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): agastyo maitrāvaruṇiḥ [agastya maitrāvaruṇi];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): aboṣadhisūryāḥ ;
Chandas (meter): uṣṇik ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

कङ्क॑तः । न । कङ्क॑तः । अथो॒ इति॑ । स॒ती॒नऽक॑ङ्कतः । द्वौ । इति॑ । प्लुषी॒ इति॑ । इति॑ । नि । अ॒दृष्टाः॑ । अ॒लि॒प्स॒त॒ ॥
कङ्कतः । न । कङ्कतः । अथो इति । सतीनकङ्कतः । द्वौ । इति । प्लुषी इति । इति । नि । अदृष्टाः । अलिप्सत ॥
kaṅkataḥ | na | kaṅkataḥ | atho iti | satīna-kaṅkataḥ | dvau | iti | pluṣī iti | iti | ni | adṛṣṭāḥ | alipsata

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.191.1 English analysis of grammar]

kaṅkato < kaṅkataḥ < kaṅkata

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“comb.”

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

kaṅkato < kaṅkataḥ < kaṅkata

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“comb.”

'tho < atho

[adverb]

“now; but; furthermore.”

satīnakaṅkataḥ < satīna

[noun]

“real.”

satīnakaṅkataḥ < kaṅkataḥ < kaṅkata

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“comb.”

dvāv < dvau < dvi

[noun], nominative, dual, masculine

“two; dvi [word]; second.”

iti

[adverb]

“thus; so; iti [word].”

pluṣī < pluṣi

[noun], nominative, dual, masculine

iti

[adverb]

“thus; so; iti [word].”

ny < ni

[adverb]

“back; down.”

adṛṣṭā < adṛṣṭāḥ < adṛṣṭa

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“unobserved; invisible; unseen; unanticipated; unknown.”

alipsata < lip

[verb], plural, Athematic s aor. (Ind.)

“smear; tarnish; dirty; anoint; poultice.”

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