Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.190.7

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

सं यं स्तुभो॒ऽवन॑यो॒ न यन्ति॑ समु॒द्रं न स्र॒वतो॒ रोध॑चक्राः । स वि॒द्वाँ उ॒भयं॑ चष्टे अ॒न्तर्बृह॒स्पति॒स्तर॒ आप॑श्च॒ गृध्र॑: ॥
सं यं स्तुभोऽवनयो न यन्ति समुद्रं न स्रवतो रोधचक्राः । स विद्वाँ उभयं चष्टे अन्तर्बृहस्पतिस्तर आपश्च गृध्रः ॥
saṃ yaṃ stubho 'vanayo na yanti samudraṃ na sravato rodhacakrāḥ | sa vidvām̐ ubhayaṃ caṣṭe antar bṛhaspatis tara āpaś ca gṛdhraḥ ||

English translation:

“To whom praises (necessarily) proceed, as men (assemble round a master); as rivers, rolling between their banks, flow to the ocean; that wise Bṛhaspati greedy (after rain), and stationary in the midst, contemplates both (the ferry and the water).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

That wise Bṛhaspati: ubhayam caṣṭe antam. bṛhaspatistara āpaśca gṛdhraḥ: gṛdhraḥ = vṛṣṭim ākāṅkṣamāṇa, desirous of rain;

Taras = taraṇam jalābhivṛddhim, crossing, or a ferry or increase of water;

Apaḥ =water; ubhayam antar madhye sthitvā, having stood in the middle; caṣṭe paśyate,he sees; or karoti, he does; identifying Bṛhaspati with Indra, ubhayam, both, may denote heaven and earth, between which in the antarikṣa or firmament, the region of the rain, is his proper station

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): agastyo maitrāvaruṇiḥ [agastya maitrāvaruṇi];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): bṛhaspatiḥ ;
Chandas (meter): svarāṭpaṅkti;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

सम् । यम् । स्तुभः॑ । अ॒वन॑यः । न । यन्ति॑ । स॒मु॒द्रम् । न । स्र॒वतः॑ । रोध॑ऽचक्राः । सः । वि॒द्वान् । उ॒भय॑म् । च॒ष्टे॒ । अ॒न्तः । बृह॒स्पतिः॑ । तरः॑ । आपः॑ । च॒ । गृध्रः॑ ॥
सम् । यम् । स्तुभः । अवनयः । न । यन्ति । समुद्रम् । न । स्रवतः । रोधचक्राः । सः । विद्वान् । उभयम् । चष्टे । अन्तः । बृहस्पतिः । तरः । आपः । च । गृध्रः ॥
sam | yam | stubhaḥ | avanayaḥ | na | yanti | samudram | na | sravataḥ | rodha-cakrāḥ | saḥ | vidvān | ubhayam | caṣṭe | antaḥ | bṛhaspatiḥ | taraḥ | āpaḥ | ca | gṛdhraḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.190.7 English analysis of grammar]

saṃ < sam

[adverb]

“sam; together; together; saṃ.”

yaṃ < yam < yad

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

stubho < stubhaḥ < stubh

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“song; praise.”

'vanayo < avanayaḥ < avani

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“river; earth; floor; path; bed; course.”

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

yanti < i

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“go; travel; enter (a state); return; walk; continue; reach; ask.”

samudraṃ < samudram < samudra

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“ocean; Samudra; sea; samudra [word]; four.”

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

sravato < sravataḥ < sravat

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“river.”

rodhacakrāḥ < rodha

[noun], masculine

“obstruction; sealing; suppression; shutting; dam; rodhana; Rodha; reservoir.”

rodhacakrāḥ < cakrāḥ < cakra

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“wheel; Cakra; discus; army; cakra; oil mill; cakrikā; cakra; group.”

sa

[adverb]

“with; little; together.”

vidvāṃ < vid

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“know; diagnose; perceive; know; accord; notice; deem; mind; learn; specify; watch; recognize; detect; call.”

ubhayaṃ < ubhayam < ubhaya

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“both(a).”

caṣṭe < cakṣ

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“watch; look.”

antar

[adverb]

“inside; in; antar [word]; midmost; between; among.”

bṛhaspatis < bṛhaspatiḥ < bṛhaspati

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Brihaspati; Jupiter; Bṛhaspati.”

tara < taraḥ < taras

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“speed; Stoma.”

āpaś < āpaḥ < ap

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

ca

[adverb]

“and; besides; then; now; even.”

gṛdhraḥ < gṛdhra

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“vulture.”

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