Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.190.1

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अ॒न॒र्वाणं॑ वृष॒भं म॒न्द्रजि॑ह्वं॒ बृह॒स्पतिं॑ वर्धया॒ नव्य॑म॒र्कैः । गा॒था॒न्य॑: सु॒रुचो॒ यस्य॑ दे॒वा आ॑शृ॒ण्वन्ति॒ नव॑मानस्य॒ मर्ता॑: ॥
अनर्वाणं वृषभं मन्द्रजिह्वं बृहस्पतिं वर्धया नव्यमर्कैः । गाथान्यः सुरुचो यस्य देवा आशृण्वन्ति नवमानस्य मर्ताः ॥
anarvāṇaṃ vṛṣabham mandrajihvam bṛhaspatiṃ vardhayā navyam arkaiḥ | gāthānyaḥ suruco yasya devā āśṛṇvanti navamānasya martāḥ ||

English translation:

“(Priests), augment by your hymns Bṛhaspati, who deserts not (his worshipper); the showerer (of benefits) the plural asant-tongued, the adorable; of whom resplendent gods and men, (the ministers) of the instrumental tutor of the sacrifice, emulous in sacred songs, proclaim (the praise).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Bṛhaspati is here defined as mantrasya pālayitāram, the protector of cherisher of the prayer

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): agastyo maitrāvaruṇiḥ [agastya maitrāvaruṇi];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): bṛhaspatiḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अ॒न॒र्वाण॑म् । वृ॒ष॒भम् । म॒न्द्रऽजि॑ह्वम् । बृह॒स्पति॑म् । व॒र्ध॒य॒ । नव्य॑म् । अ॒र्कैः । गा॒था॒न्यः॑ । सु॒ऽरुचः॑ । यस्य॑ । दे॒वाः । आ॒ऽशृ॒ण्वन्ति॑ । नव॑मानस्य । मर्ताः॑ ॥
अनर्वाणम् । वृषभम् । मन्द्रजिह्वम् । बृहस्पतिम् । वर्धय । नव्यम् । अर्कैः । गाथान्यः । सुरुचः । यस्य । देवाः । आशृण्वन्ति । नवमानस्य । मर्ताः ॥
anarvāṇam | vṛṣabham | mandra-jihvam | bṛhaspatim | vardhaya | navyam | arkaiḥ | gāthānyaḥ | su-rucaḥ | yasya | devāḥ | āśṛṇvanti | navamānasya | matārḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.190.1 English analysis of grammar]

anarvāṇaṃ < anarvāṇam < anarvan

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“unchallenged; unrivaled.”

vṛṣabham < vṛṣabha

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“bull; Vṛṣabha; Vṛṣabha; best.”

mandrajihvam < mandra

[noun]

“pleasant; eloquent; dulcet.”

mandrajihvam < jihvam < jihvā

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“tongue; tongue; jihvā [word]; fire.”

bṛhaspatiṃ < bṛhaspatim < bṛhaspati

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“Brihaspati; Jupiter; Bṛhaspati.”

vardhayā < vardhaya < vardhay < √vṛdh

[verb], singular, Present imperative

“increase; strengthen; promote; rear; add; greet; laud.”

navyam < navya

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“new; fresh.”

arkaiḥ < arka

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

“Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sun; copper; Surya; hymn; twelve; fire; beam.”

gāthānyaḥ < gāthānī

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

suruco < su

[adverb]

“very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

suruco < rucaḥ < ruc

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“beam; radiance; color.”

yasya < yad

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

devā < devāḥ < deva

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

āśṛṇvanti < āśru < √śru

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“listen; hear.”

navamānasya <

[verb noun], genitive, singular

“praise; shout.”

martāḥ < marta

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“man.”

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