Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.174.3

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अजा॒ वृत॑ इन्द्र॒ शूर॑पत्नी॒र्द्यां च॒ येभि॑: पुरुहूत नू॒नम् । रक्षो॑ अ॒ग्निम॒शुषं॒ तूर्व॑याणं सिं॒हो न दमे॒ अपां॑सि॒ वस्तो॑: ॥
अजा वृत इन्द्र शूरपत्नीर्द्यां च येभिः पुरुहूत नूनम् । रक्षो अग्निमशुषं तूर्वयाणं सिंहो न दमे अपांसि वस्तोः ॥
ajā vṛta indra śūrapatnīr dyāṃ ca yebhiḥ puruhūta nūnam | rakṣo agnim aśuṣaṃ tūrvayāṇaṃ siṃho na dame apāṃsi vastoḥ ||

English translation:

“Go the cities inhabited by the rākṣasas, and thence to heaven (attended), receiver of many sacrifices by those who (attend you). Defend, like a lion, the untamed, quick-moving Agni, that he may abide in his dwelling, fulfilling his functions.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

To the cities inhabited by rākṣasas: vṛtaḥ śura patnīḥ = raksobhiḥ pālayitā vṛtaḥ purīḥ; defend like a lion: as a lion protects the forest, in which his lair is, from the depredations of other animals

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): agastyo maitrāvaruṇiḥ [agastya maitrāvaruṇi];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): bhurikpaṅkti ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अज॑ । वृतः॑ । इ॒न्द्र॒ । शूर॑ऽपत्नीः । द्याम् । च॒ । येभिः॑ । पु॒रु॒ऽहू॒त॒ । नू॒नम् । रक्षः॑ । अ॒ग्निम् । अ॒शुष॑म् । तूर्व॑याणम् । सिं॒हः । न । दमे॑ । अपां॑सि । वस्तोः॑ ॥
अज । वृतः । इन्द्र । शूरपत्नीः । द्याम् । च । येभिः । पुरुहूत । नूनम् । रक्षः । अग्निम् । अशुषम् । तूर्वयाणम् । सिंहः । न । दमे । अपांसि । वस्तोः ॥
aja | vṛtaḥ | indra | śūra-patnīḥ | dyām | ca | yebhiḥ | puru-hūta | nūnam | rakṣaḥ | agnim | aśuṣam | tūrvayāṇam | siṃhaḥ | na | dame | apāṃsi | vastoḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.174.3 English analysis of grammar]

ajā < aja < aj

[verb], singular, Present imperative

“drive; expel.”

vṛta < vṛtaḥ < vṛt

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

indra

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

śūrapatnīr < śūra

[noun], masculine

“hero; cock; śūra; Śūra; Vatica robusta; Plumbago zeylanica; warrior; hero; attacker; lentil; wild boar; lion; dog.”

śūrapatnīr < patnīḥ < patnī

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“wife; mistress; queen.”

dyāṃ < dyām < div

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

ca

[adverb]

“and; besides; then; now; even.”

yebhiḥ < yad

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

puruhūta

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“Indra; Vishnu.”

nūnam

[adverb]

“now; surely; immediately; just.”

rakṣo < rakṣaḥ < rakṣ

[verb], singular, Present injunctive

“protect; guard; keep; stow; govern; guard; spare; accumulate.”

agnim < agni

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

aśuṣaṃ < aśuṣam < aśuṣa

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“edacious.”

tūrvayāṇaṃ < tūrvayāṇam < tūrvayāṇa

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“Tūrvayāṇa.”

siṃho < siṃhaḥ < siṃha

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“lion; hero; best; leader; siṃha [word].”

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

dame < dama

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“dwelling; home.”

apāṃsi < apas

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“work; deed.”

vastoḥ < vastu

[noun], genitive, singular, feminine

“dawn.”

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