Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.173.10

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

विष्प॑र्धसो न॒रां न शंसै॑र॒स्माका॑स॒दिन्द्रो॒ वज्र॑हस्तः । मि॒त्रा॒युवो॒ न पूर्प॑तिं॒ सुशि॑ष्टौ मध्या॒युव॒ उप॑ शिक्षन्ति य॒ज्ञैः ॥
विष्पर्धसो नरां न शंसैरस्माकासदिन्द्रो वज्रहस्तः । मित्रायुवो न पूर्पतिं सुशिष्टौ मध्यायुव उप शिक्षन्ति यज्ञैः ॥
viṣpardhaso narāṃ na śaṃsair asmākāsad indro vajrahastaḥ | mitrāyuvo na pūrpatiṃ suśiṣṭau madhyāyuva upa śikṣanti yajñaiḥ ||

English translation:

“Emulous in commendation, like (those contending for the favour) of men, may Indra, the wielder of the thunderbolt, be equally (a friend) to us; like those who, desirous of his friendship, (conciliate) the lord of a city (ruling) with good government, so do our intermediate (representatives) propitiate (Indra) with sacrifices.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

The lord of a city: mitrāyuvo na pūrpatim = puraḥ svāminam, the master or governor of a city

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): agastyo maitrāvaruṇiḥ [agastya maitrāvaruṇi];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): bhurikpaṅkti ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

विऽस्प॑र्धसः । न॒राम् । न । शंसैः॑ । अ॒स्माक॑ । अ॒स॒त् । इन्द्रः॑ । वज्र॑ऽहस्तः । मि॒त्र॒ऽयुवः॑ । न । पूःऽप॑तिम् । सुऽशि॑श्टौ । म॒ध्य॒ऽयुवः॑ । उप॑ । शि॒क्ष॒न्ति॒ । य॒ज्ञैः ॥
विस्पर्धसः । नराम् । न । शंसैः । अस्माक । असत् । इन्द्रः । वज्रहस्तः । मित्रयुवः । न । पूःपतिम् । सुशिश्टौ । मध्ययुवः । उप । शिक्षन्ति । यज्ञैः ॥
vi-spardhasaḥ | narām | na | śaṃsaiḥ | asmāka | asat | indraḥ | vajra-hastaḥ | mitra-yuvaḥ | na | pūḥ-patim | su-śiśṭau | madhya-yuvaḥ | upa | śikṣanti | yajñaiḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.173.10 English analysis of grammar]

viṣpardhaso < viṣpardhasaḥ < viṣpardhas

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

narāṃ < narām < nṛ

[noun], genitive, plural, masculine

“man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

śaṃsair < śaṃsaiḥ < śaṃsa

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

“praise; śaṃs; recitation.”

asmākāsad < asmāka

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“our; asmāka [word].”

asmākāsad < asat < as

[verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)

“be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

indro < indraḥ < indra

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

vajrahastaḥ < vajra

[noun], masculine

“vajra; Vajra; vajra; vajra; lightning; abhra; vajramūṣā; diamond; vajra [word]; vajrakapāṭa; vajra; vaikrānta.”

vajrahastaḥ < hastaḥ < hasta

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“hand; hand; proboscis; hasta [word]; autograph.”

mitrāyuvo < mitrāyuvaḥ < mitrāyu

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

pūrpatiṃ < pūrpatim < pūrpati

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

suśiṣṭau < su

[adverb]

“very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

suśiṣṭau < śiṣṭau < śiṣṭi

[noun], locative, singular, feminine

madhyāyuva < madhyāyuvaḥ < madhyāyu

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

upa

[adverb]

“towards; on; next.”

śikṣanti < śikṣ

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“help; give.”

yajñaiḥ < yajña

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

“yajña; religious ceremony; Vishnu; yajña [word]; Yajña; Shiva.”

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