Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.173.1
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
गाय॒त्साम॑ नभ॒न्यं१॒॑ यथा॒ वेरर्चा॑म॒ तद्वा॑वृधा॒नं स्व॑र्वत् । गावो॑ धे॒नवो॑ ब॒र्हिष्यद॑ब्धा॒ आ यत्स॒द्मानं॑ दि॒व्यं विवा॑सान् ॥
गायत्साम नभन्यं यथा वेरर्चाम तद्वावृधानं स्वर्वत् । गावो धेनवो बर्हिष्यदब्धा आ यत्सद्मानं दिव्यं विवासान् ॥
gāyat sāma nabhanyaṃ yathā ver arcāma tad vāvṛdhānaṃ svarvat | gāvo dhenavo barhiṣy adabdhā ā yat sadmānaṃ divyaṃ vivāsān ||
English translation:
“The priests chant the heaven-ascending sāma, as you know (it), for such (praise) do we venerate as the cause of increase and conferrer of heaven, whence the kine, unimpeded, do honour to the divine (Indra), who is seated on the sacred grass.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
The heaven-ascending sāma: the sāma, the hymn that the udgatā chants; the kind, unimpeded: gāvo dhenavaḥ;
Dhenavaḥ = adabdhā, unimpeded, unharmed;the cows may refer to the rains
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): agastyo maitrāvaruṇiḥ [agastya maitrāvaruṇi];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): paṅktiḥ ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
गाय॑त् । साम॑ । न॒भ॒न्य॑म् । यथा॑ । वेः । अर्चा॑म । तत् । व॒वृ॒धा॒नम् । स्वः॑ऽवत् । गावः॑ । धे॒नवः॑ । ब॒र्हिषि॑ । अद॑ब्धाः । आ । यत् । स॒द्मान॑म् । दि॒व्यम् । विवा॑सान् ॥
गायत् । साम । नभन्यम् । यथा । वेः । अर्चाम । तत् । ववृधानम् । स्वःवत् । गावः । धेनवः । बर्हिषि । अदब्धाः । आ । यत् । सद्मानम् । दिव्यम् । विवासान् ॥
gāyat | sāma | nabhanyam | yathā | veḥ | arcāma | tat | vavṛdhānam | svaḥ-vat | gāvaḥ | dhenavaḥ | barhiṣi | adabdhāḥ | ā | yat | sadmānam | divyam | vivāsān
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.173.1 English analysis of grammar]
[verb], singular, Present injunctive
“sing; praise; jap; recite; describe.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“Sāman; Sama-Veda; song; sāman [word]; hymn.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
[adverb]
“equally; as; so that; like; how; yathā [word]; that; wherein.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“vi; bird; vi.”
[verb], plural, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
“sing; worship; honor; praise; welcome.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[verb noun], accusative, singular
“increase; grow; vṛdh; increase; succeed; strengthen; grow up; spread.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“bright; bright.”
[noun], nominative, plural, feminine
“cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”
[noun], nominative, plural, feminine
“cow; dhenu [word]; milk.”
[noun], locative, singular, neuter
“Barhis; barhis [word].”
[noun], nominative, plural, feminine
“unfailing; unimpaired.”
[adverb]
“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”
[adverb]
“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“divine; celestial; divine; heavenly; divine; beautiful; rain; agreeable.”
[verb], plural, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
“invite; endeavor; try for.”