Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.169.5

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

त्वे राय॑ इन्द्र तो॒शत॑माः प्रणे॒तार॒: कस्य॑ चिदृता॒योः । ते षु णो॑ म॒रुतो॑ मृळयन्तु॒ ये स्मा॑ पु॒रा गा॑तू॒यन्ती॑व दे॒वाः ॥
त्वे राय इन्द्र तोशतमाः प्रणेतारः कस्य चिदृतायोः । ते षु णो मरुतो मृळयन्तु ये स्मा पुरा गातूयन्तीव देवाः ॥
tve rāya indra tośatamāḥ praṇetāraḥ kasya cid ṛtāyoḥ | te ṣu ṇo maruto mṛḻayantu ye smā purā gātūyantīva devāḥ ||

English translation:

“Your riches, Indra, are most delighting; the exciters of any one desirous to sacrifice; may those Maruts be propitious to us; the divine beings who were anxious to go first to the ceremony.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Your riches, Indra: tve rāya indra tośatamāḥ: raya may also mean, kinsmen or friends;i.e. the Maruts

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): agastyo maitrāvaruṇiḥ [agastya maitrāvaruṇi];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): svarāṭpaṅkti;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

त्वे इति॑ । रायः॑ । इ॒न्द्र॒ । तो॒शऽत॑माः । प्र॒ऽने॒तारः॑ । कस्य॑ । चि॒त् । ऋ॒त॒ऽयोः । ते । सु । नः॒ । म॒रुतः॑ । मृ॒ळ॒य॒न्तु॒ । ये । स्म॒ । पु॒रा । गा॒तु॒यन्ति॑ऽइव । दे॒वाः ॥
त्वे इति । रायः । इन्द्र । तोशतमाः । प्रनेतारः । कस्य । चित् । ऋतयोः । ते । सु । नः । मरुतः । मृळयन्तु । ये । स्म । पुरा । गातुयन्तिइव । देवाः ॥
tve iti | rāyaḥ | indra | tośa-tamāḥ | pra-netāraḥ | kasya | cit | ṛta-yoḥ | te | su | naḥ | marutaḥ | mṛḷayantu | ye | sma | purā | gātuyanti-iva | devāḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.169.5 English analysis of grammar]

tve < tvad

[noun], locative, singular

“you.”

rāya < rāyaḥ < rai

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“wealth; possession; rai [word]; gold.”

indra

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

tośatamāḥ < tośatama

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

praṇetāraḥ < praṇī < √nī

[verb], plural, periphrast. future

“enforce; lead; produce.”

kasya < ka

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“what; who; ka [pronoun].”

cid < cit

[adverb]

“even; indeed.”

ṛtāyoḥ < ṛtāyu

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

te < tad

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

ṣu < su

[adverb]

“very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

ṇo < naḥ < mad

[noun], accusative, plural

“I; mine.”

maruto < marutaḥ < marut

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“Marut; vāta; wind; Vayu.”

mṛᄆayantu < mṛḍayantu < mṛḍay < √mṛḍ

[verb], plural, Present imperative

“pardon.”

ye < yad

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

smā < sma

[adverb]

purā

[adverb]

“once; earlier; first; purā [indecl.].”

gātūyantīva < gātuyanti < gātuy

[verb], plural, Present indikative

gātūyantīva < iva

[adverb]

“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

devāḥ < deva

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

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