Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.166.5

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

यत्त्वे॒षया॑मा न॒दय॑न्त॒ पर्व॑तान्दि॒वो वा॑ पृ॒ष्ठं नर्या॒ अचु॑च्यवुः । विश्वो॑ वो॒ अज्म॑न्भयते॒ वन॒स्पती॑ रथी॒यन्ती॑व॒ प्र जि॑हीत॒ ओष॑धिः ॥
यत्त्वेषयामा नदयन्त पर्वतान्दिवो वा पृष्ठं नर्या अचुच्यवुः । विश्वो वो अज्मन्भयते वनस्पती रथीयन्तीव प्र जिहीत ओषधिः ॥
yat tveṣayāmā nadayanta parvatān divo vā pṛṣṭhaṃ naryā acucyavuḥ | viśvo vo ajman bhayate vanaspatī rathīyantīva pra jihīta oṣadhiḥ ||

English translation:

“When your brilliant coursers make the mountains echo; and, friendly to man, traverse the summit of the firmament; then all the forest lords are alarmed at your approach, and the bushes wave to and fro, as a woman in a chariot.”

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): maitrāvaruṇo'gastyaḥ [maitrāvaruṇa agastya];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): marūtaḥ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛjjagatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

यत् । त्वे॒षऽया॑माः । न॒दय॑न्त । पर्व॑तान् । दि॒वः । वा॒ । पृ॒ष्ठम् । नर्याः॑ । अचु॑च्यवुः । विश्वः॑ । वः॒ । अज्म॑न् । भ॒य॒ते॒ । वन॒स्पतिः॑ । र॒थि॒यन्ती॑ऽइव । प्र । जि॒ही॒ते॒ । ओष॑धिः ॥
यत् । त्वेषयामाः । नदयन्त । पर्वतान् । दिवः । वा । पृष्ठम् । नर्याः । अचुच्यवुः । विश्वः । वः । अज्मन् । भयते । वनस्पतिः । रथियन्तीइव । प्र । जिहीते । ओषधिः ॥
yat | tveṣa-yāmāḥ | nadayanta | parvatān | divaḥ | vā | pṛṣṭham | naryāḥ | acucyavuḥ | viśvaḥ | vaḥ | ajman | bhayate | vanaspatiḥ | rathiyantī-iva | pra | jihīte | oṣadhiḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.166.5 English analysis of grammar]

yat

[adverb]

“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

tveṣayāmā < tveṣa

[noun]

“awful; brilliant; aglitter(p); bright.”

tveṣayāmā < yāmāḥ < yāma

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“prahara; watch; travel; path.”

nadayanta < naday < √nad

[verb], plural, Present injunctive

parvatān < parvata

[noun], accusative, plural, masculine

“mountain; Parvata; parvata [word]; Parvata; Parvata; rock; height.”

divo < divaḥ < div

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

[adverb]

“or; optionally; either.”

pṛṣṭhaṃ < pṛṣṭham < pṛṣṭha

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“back; top; top; surface; shell; peak; Pṛṣṭha; flat roof; pṛṣṭha [word]; back; roof.”

naryā < naryāḥ < narya

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“manly; heroic; powerful; male; human.”

acucyavuḥ < cyu

[verb], plural, Plusquamperfect

“fall down; issue; shoot; ejaculate; deviate; banish; drop; dislodge; miss; deprive.”

viśvo < viśvaḥ < viśva

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

vo < vaḥ < tvad

[noun], genitive, plural

“you.”

ajman

[noun], locative, singular, neuter

“drive.”

bhayate < bhī

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“fear; fear.”

vanaspatī < vanaspatiḥ < vanaspati

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“tree; banyan; vanaspati [word]; vanaspativarga; vaṭādi.”

rathīyantīva < rathīyantī < rathīy

[verb noun], nominative, singular

rathīyantīva < iva

[adverb]

“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

pra

[adverb]

“towards; ahead.”

jihīta < jihīte <

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“abandon; decrease; want; kill; deteriorate; get rid of; exclude; lose; avoid; remove; leave; abandon; neglect; leave; discard; apostatize; discontinue; weaken; abandon; assail; subtract; foreswear; pour away; withdraw; depart; reduce.”

oṣadhiḥ < oṣadhi

[noun], nominative, singular, feminine

“herb; plant; drug; simple; oṣadhi [word]; remedy.”

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