Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.164.48
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
द्वाद॑श प्र॒धय॑श्च॒क्रमेकं॒ त्रीणि॒ नभ्या॑नि॒ क उ॒ तच्चि॑केत । तस्मि॑न्त्सा॒कं त्रि॑श॒ता न श॒ङ्कवो॑ऽर्पि॒ताः ष॒ष्टिर्न च॑लाच॒लास॑: ॥
द्वादश प्रधयश्चक्रमेकं त्रीणि नभ्यानि क उ तच्चिकेत । तस्मिन्त्साकं त्रिशता न शङ्कवोऽर्पिताः षष्टिर्न चलाचलासः ॥
dvādaśa pradhayaś cakram ekaṃ trīṇi nabhyāni ka u tac ciketa | tasmin sākaṃ triśatā na śaṅkavo 'rpitāḥ ṣaṣṭir na calācalāsaḥ ||
English translation:
“The fellies are twelve; the wheel is one; three are the axles; but who knows it? within it are collected 360 (spokes), which are, as it were, moveable and immoveable.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
The wheel is the year of twelve months; the three axles are the three doubble seasons, or hot, wet and cold; and the three hundred and sixty spokes are the days of the lunar-solar year; stanaḥ śaśayaḥ, śayāna, sleeping; dehe vartamānaḥ, abiding in the body
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): dīrghatamā aucathyaḥ [dīrghatamas aucathya];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): saṃvatsarātmā kālaḥ;
Chandas (meter): svarāṭpaṅkti;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
द्वाद॑श । प्र॒ऽधयः॑ । च॒क्रम् । एक॑म् । त्रीणि॑ । नभ्या॑नि । कः । ऊँ॒ इति॑ । तत् । चि॒के॒त॒ । तस्मि॑न् । सा॒कम् । त्रि॒ऽश॒ताः । न । श॒ङ्कवः॑ । अ॒र्पि॒ताः । ष॒ष्टिः । न । च॒ला॒च॒लासः॑ ॥
द्वादश । प्रधयः । चक्रम् । एकम् । त्रीणि । नभ्यानि । कः । ऊँ इति । तत् । चिकेत । तस्मिन् । साकम् । त्रिशताः । न । शङ्कवः । अर्पिताः । षष्टिः । न । चलाचलासः ॥
dvādaśa | pra-dhayaḥ | cakram | ekam | trīṇi | nabhyāni | kaḥ | oṃ | iti | tat | ciketa | tasmin | sākam | tri-śatāḥ | na | śaṅkavaḥ | arpitāḥ | ṣaṣṭiḥ | na | calācalāsaḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.164.48 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
“twelve; twelfth.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“disk.”
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
“wheel; Cakra; discus; army; cakra; oil mill; cakrikā; cakra; group.”
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
“one; single(a); alone(p); some(a); single(a); eka [word]; alone(p); excellent; each(a); some(a); one; same; alone(p); some(a); consistent; any(a); undifferentiated; disjunct.”
[noun], nominative, plural, neuter
“three; tri/tisṛ [word].”
[noun], nominative, plural, neuter
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“what; who; ka [pronoun].”
[adverb]
“ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“notice; observe; attend to; intend.”
[noun], locative, singular, neuter
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[adverb]
“together; jointly; simultaneously.”
[noun]
“three; tri/tisṛ [word].”
[noun], nominative, plural, neuter
“hundred; one-hundredth; śata [word].”
[adverb]
“not; like; no; na [word].”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“hook; Śaṅku; śaṅku [word]; Śaṅku; Śaṅku; peg.”
[verb noun], nominative, plural
“shoot; give; direct; hide; put; insert.”
[noun], nominative, singular, feminine
“sixty; sixtieth; ṣaṣṭi [word].”
[adverb]
“not; like; no; na [word].”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“changeable; unsteady.”