Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.164.46
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
इन्द्रं॑ मि॒त्रं वरु॑णम॒ग्निमा॑हु॒रथो॑ दि॒व्यः स सु॑प॒र्णो ग॒रुत्मा॑न् । एकं॒ सद्विप्रा॑ बहु॒धा व॑दन्त्य॒ग्निं य॒मं मा॑त॒रिश्वा॑नमाहुः ॥
इन्द्रं मित्रं वरुणमग्निमाहुरथो दिव्यः स सुपर्णो गरुत्मान् । एकं सद्विप्रा बहुधा वदन्त्यग्निं यमं मातरिश्वानमाहुः ॥
indram mitraṃ varuṇam agnim āhur atho divyaḥ sa suparṇo garutmān | ekaṃ sad viprā bahudhā vadanty agniṃ yamam mātariśvānam āhuḥ ||
English translation:
“They have styled (him, the Sun), Indra, Mitra, Varuṇa, Agni, and he is the celestial, well-winged Garutmat, for learned priests call one by many names as they speak of Agni, Yama, Mātariśvan.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Hi, the Sun: Sun is assumed; Nirukta assumes the Agni: agni is all the divinities (Aitareya Brāhmaṇa 2.3)
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): dīrghatamā aucathyaḥ [dīrghatamas aucathya];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): sūryaḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
इन्द्र॑म् । मि॒त्रम् । वरु॑णम् । अ॒ग्निम् । आ॒हुः॒ । अथो॒ इति॑ । दि॒व्यः । सः । सु॒ऽप॒र्णः । ग॒रुत्मा॑न् । एक॑म् । सत् । विप्राः॑ । ब॒हु॒ऽधा । व॒द॒न्ति॒ । अ॒ग्निम् । य॒मम् । मा॒त॒रिश्वा॑नम् । आ॒हुः॒ ॥
इन्द्रम् । मित्रम् । वरुणम् । अग्निम् । आहुः । अथो इति । दिव्यः । सः । सुपर्णः । गरुत्मान् । एकम् । सत् । विप्राः । बहुधा । वदन्ति । अग्निम् । यमम् । मातरिश्वानम् । आहुः ॥
indram | mitram | varuṇam | agnim | āhuḥ | atho iti | divyaḥ | saḥ | su-parṇaḥ | garutmān | ekam | sat | viprāḥ | bahu-dhā | vadanti | agnim | yamam | mātariśvānam | āhuḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.164.46 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“friend; Mitra; mitra [word]; sun; ally.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“Varuna; varuṇa [word]; Crataeva religiosa Forst.; Varuṇa; varuṇādi.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[verb], plural, Perfect indicative
“describe; state; say; enumerate; call; name; teach; tell; deem; explain; say; define.”
[adverb]
“now; but; furthermore.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“divine; celestial; divine; heavenly; divine; beautiful; rain; agreeable.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Garuda; Suparṇa; bird of prey; Suparṇa; suparṇa; Suparṇa; eagle.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Garuda; bird.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“one; single(a); alone(p); some(a); single(a); eka [word]; alone(p); excellent; each(a); some(a); one; same; alone(p); some(a); consistent; any(a); undifferentiated; disjunct.”
[verb noun], accusative, singular
“be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“Brahmin; poet; singer; priest; guru; Vipra.”
[adverb]
“repeatedly; variously; multiply; a lot.”
[verb], plural, Present indikative
“describe; teach; speak; tell; say; call; name; enumerate; declare; diagnose; address; say; pronounce; express; instruct; order.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“Yama; yama; twin; yam; Yama; two; bridle; yama [word]; Asvins.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“wind; Mātariśvan; Vayu; vāta.”
[verb], plural, Perfect indicative
“describe; state; say; enumerate; call; name; teach; tell; deem; explain; say; define.”