Rig Veda 1.164.45

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

च॒त्वारि॒ वाक्परि॑मिता प॒दानि॒ तानि॑ विदुर्ब्राह्म॒णा ये म॑नी॒षिण॑: । गुहा॒ त्रीणि॒ निहि॑ता॒ नेङ्ग॑यन्ति तु॒रीयं॑ वा॒चो म॑नु॒ष्या॑ वदन्ति ॥
चत्वारि वाक्परिमिता पदानि तानि विदुर्ब्राह्मणा ये मनीषिणः । गुहा त्रीणि निहिता नेङ्गयन्ति तुरीयं वाचो मनुष्या वदन्ति ॥
catvāri vāk parimitā padāni tāni vidur brāhmaṇā ye manīṣiṇaḥ | guhā trīṇi nihitā neṅgayanti turīyaṃ vāco manuṣyā vadanti ||

English translation:

“Four are the definite grades of spech; those Brahmaṇas who are wise know them; three, deposited in secret, indicate no meaning; men speak the fourth grade of speech.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Four are: catvāri vākparimitā padāni: the language of the mantras, the kalpa, the brāhmaṇa and laukika, or current speech (Taittirīya Samhitā 1.31.2); those brāhmaṇas: brāhmaṇā ye manīṣiṇaḥ: brāhmaṇā = those acquainted with the śabdabrahma, brahma as the word, or, the yogis, mystics; fourth grad eof speech: vāk, speech, was created fourfold, three kinds of which are in the three regions, the fourth amongst the paśus; the form on earth, associated with Agni is in the rathantara; the form in the firmament, associated with Vāyu, is in the Vāmadevya mantras; that which is in heaven, with Āditya, is Bṛhatī, or in the thunder (stanayitnau); whatever else was more than this was plural ced amongst the paśus, liṭ, animals; here the brāhmaṇas are implied: atha paśuṣu tato yā vāg atiricyate tām brāhmaṇeṣu adaduḥ; thus, the brāhmaṇas speak both languages, that of the gods and that of man (tasmād brāhmaṇā ubharyo vācam vadanti yā ca devānām yā ca manuṣyāṇa(m (Nirukta 13.9)

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): dīrghatamā aucathyaḥ [dīrghatamas aucathya];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): vāk ;
Chandas (meter): bhuriktriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

च॒त्वारि॑ । वाक् । परि॑ऽमिता । प॒दानि॑ । तानि॑ । विदुः । ब्रा॒ह्म॒णाः । ये । म॒नी॒षिणः॑ । गुहा॑ । त्रीणि॑ । निऽहि॑ता । न । इ॒ङ्ग॒य॒न्ति॒ । तु॒रीय॑म् । वा॒चः । म॒नु॒ष्याः॑ । व॒द॒न्ति॒ ॥
चत्वारि । वाक् । परिमिता । पदानि । तानि । विदुः । ब्राह्मणाः । ये । मनीषिणः । गुहा । त्रीणि । निहिता । न । इङ्गयन्ति । तुरीयम् । वाचः । मनुष्याः । वदन्ति ॥
catvāri | vāk | pari-mitā | padāni | tāni | viduḥ | brāhmaṇāḥ | ye | manīṣiṇaḥ | guhā | trīṇi | ni-hitā | na | iṅgayanti | turīyam | vācaḥ | manuṣyāḥ | vadanti

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.164.45 English analysis of grammar]