Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.164.43
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
श॒क॒मयं॑ धू॒ममा॒राद॑पश्यं विषू॒वता॑ प॒र ए॒नाव॑रेण । उ॒क्षाणं॒ पृश्नि॑मपचन्त वी॒रास्तानि॒ धर्मा॑णि प्रथ॒मान्या॑सन् ॥
शकमयं धूममारादपश्यं विषूवता पर एनावरेण । उक्षाणं पृश्निमपचन्त वीरास्तानि धर्माणि प्रथमान्यासन् ॥
śakamayaṃ dhūmam ārād apaśyaṃ viṣūvatā para enāvareṇa | ukṣāṇam pṛśnim apacanta vīrās tāni dharmāṇi prathamāny āsan ||
English translation:
“I beheld near (me) the smoke of burning cow-dung; and by that tall-pervading mean (effect, discovered the cause (fire); the priests have the Soma ox, for such are their first duties.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
The Soma ox: ukṣāṇam pṛśnim apacanta: pṛśni = Soma;
Ukṣāṇam = the shedder or bestower of the reward of the sacrifice
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): dīrghatamā aucathyaḥ [dīrghatamas aucathya];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): śakadhūmaḥ, somaḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
श॒क॒ऽमय॑म् । धू॒मम् । आ॒रात् । अ॒प॒श्य॒म् । वि॒षु॒ऽवता॑ । प॒रः । ए॒ना । अव॑रेण । उ॒क्षाण॑म् । पृश्नि॑म् । अ॒प॒च॒न्त॒ । वी॒राः । तानि॑ । धर्मा॑णि । प्र॒थ॒मानि॑ । आ॒स॒न् ॥
शकमयम् । धूमम् । आरात् । अपश्यम् । विषुवता । परः । एना । अवरेण । उक्षाणम् । पृश्निम् । अपचन्त । वीराः । तानि । धर्माणि । प्रथमानि । आसन् ॥
śaka-mayam | dhūmam | ārāt | apaśyam | viṣu-vatā | paraḥ | enā | avareṇa | ukṣāṇam | pṛśnim | apacanta | vīrāḥ | tāni | dharmāṇi | prathamāni | āsan
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.164.43 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], masculine
“Śaka.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“consisting of; endowed.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“smoke; dhūmavedha; carbon black; dhūmana; mist; vapor; vaporization; dhūma [word]; incense.”
[adverb]
“far; ārāt [word].”
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“see; view; watch; meet; observe; think of; look; examine; behold; visit; understand.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
[adverb]
“beyond; away; farther.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
“worst; avara [word]; lower; nearer; base; short; low; abject; later(a); worse; antecedent.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“bull; ukṣan [word].”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“varicolored; dappled.”
[verb], plural, Imperfect
“heat; cook; digest; boil; ripen; fester; burn; boil; cauterize; fry; cook; suppurate; inflame.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“hero; man; Vīra; vīra; vīra [word]; Vīra.”
[noun], nominative, plural, neuter
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[noun], nominative, plural, neuter
“regulation; Dharma; law; property.”
[noun], nominative, plural, neuter
“first; prathama [word]; third; young; chief(a); best; antecedent.”
[verb], plural, Imperfect
“be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”