Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.164.3

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

इ॒मं रथ॒मधि॒ ये स॒प्त त॒स्थुः स॒प्तच॑क्रं स॒प्त व॑ह॒न्त्यश्वा॑: । स॒प्त स्वसा॑रो अ॒भि सं न॑वन्ते॒ यत्र॒ गवां॒ निहि॑ता स॒प्त नाम॑ ॥
इमं रथमधि ये सप्त तस्थुः सप्तचक्रं सप्त वहन्त्यश्वाः । सप्त स्वसारो अभि सं नवन्ते यत्र गवां निहिता सप्त नाम ॥
imaṃ ratham adhi ye sapta tasthuḥ saptacakraṃ sapta vahanty aśvāḥ | sapta svasāro abhi saṃ navante yatra gavāṃ nihitā sapta nāma ||

English translation:

“The seven who preside over this sevenpwheeled chariot (are) the seven horses who draw it; seven sisters ride in it together, and in are deposited the seven forms of utterance.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

The seven: either the solar rays or the seven portions of a year: ayana (solstine season), month, fortnight, day, night, hour; seven horses: seven wheels and seven horses are the seven solar rays; seven sisters: either the rays of the run, or the six seasons and the aggregate year of the six double and one intercalary month; seven forms of utterance: seven notes of music as employed in chanting the praises of the Sun; or, if gavām is used in the sense of water, the seven forms may be the seven divine rivers

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): dīrghatamā aucathyaḥ [dīrghatamas aucathya];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): viśvedevā:;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

इ॒मम् । रथ॑म् । अधि॑ । ये । स॒प्त । त॒स्थुः । स॒प्तऽच॑क्रम् । स॒प्त । व॒ह॒न्ति॒ । अश्वाः॑ । स॒प्त । स्वसा॑रः । अ॒भि । सम् । न॒व॒न्ते॒ । यत्र॑ । गवा॑म् । निऽहि॑ता । स॒प्त । नाम॑ ॥
इमम् । रथम् । अधि । ये । सप्त । तस्थुः । सप्तचक्रम् । सप्त । वहन्ति । अश्वाः । सप्त । स्वसारः । अभि । सम् । नवन्ते । यत्र । गवाम् । निहिता । सप्त । नाम ॥
imam | ratham | adhi | ye | sapta | tasthuḥ | sapta-cakram | sapta | vahanti | aśvāḥ | sapta | svasāraḥ | abhi | sam | navante | yatra | gavām | ni-hitā | sapta | nāma

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.164.3 English analysis of grammar]

imaṃ < imam < idam

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

ratham < ratha

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

adhi

[adverb]

“on; from; accordingly.”

ye < yad

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

sapta < saptan

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“seven; seventh.”

tasthuḥ < sthā

[verb], plural, Perfect indicative

“stay; stand; situate; exist; [in]; resist; endure; put; soak; be; stop; adhere; get stale; concentrate; grow; trust; wake; consociate; last; dwell; lie; stand; stop.”

saptacakraṃ < sapta < saptan

[noun]

“seven; seventh.”

saptacakraṃ < cakram < cakra

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“wheel; Cakra; discus; army; cakra; oil mill; cakrikā; cakra; group.”

sapta < saptan

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“seven; seventh.”

vahanty < vahanti < vah

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“transport; bring; marry; run; drive; vāhay; drive; run; pull; nirvāpay; blow; transport; discharge; assume; remove.”

aśvāḥ < aśva

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“horse; aśva [word]; Aśva; stallion.”

sapta < saptan

[noun], nominative, singular, neuter

“seven; seventh.”

svasāro < svasāraḥ < svasṛ

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“sister; svasṛ [word].”

abhi

[adverb]

“towards; on.”

saṃ < sam

[adverb]

“sam; together; together; saṃ.”

navante <

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“praise; shout.”

yatra

[adverb]

“wherein; once [when].”

gavāṃ < gavām < go

[noun], genitive, plural, masculine

“cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

nihitā < nidhā < √dhā

[verb noun], nominative, plural

“put; fill into; stow; insert; ignite; insert; add; put on; establish; keep down.”

sapta < saptan

[noun], nominative, singular, neuter

“seven; seventh.”

nāma < nāman

[noun], nominative, singular, neuter

“name; appellation; nāman [word]; nāmakaraṇa; surname; noun; word.”

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