Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.164.2
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
स॒प्त यु॑ञ्जन्ति॒ रथ॒मेक॑चक्र॒मेको॒ अश्वो॑ वहति स॒प्तना॑मा । त्रि॒नाभि॑ च॒क्रम॒जर॑मन॒र्वं यत्रे॒मा विश्वा॒ भुव॒नाधि॑ त॒स्थुः ॥
सप्त युञ्जन्ति रथमेकचक्रमेको अश्वो वहति सप्तनामा । त्रिनाभि चक्रमजरमनर्वं यत्रेमा विश्वा भुवनाधि तस्थुः ॥
sapta yuñjanti ratham ekacakram eko aśvo vahati saptanāmā | trinābhi cakram ajaram anarvaṃ yatremā viśvā bhuvanādhi tasthuḥ ||
English translation:
“They yoke the seven (horses) to the one-wheeled car; one horse, named seven, bears it along; the three-axled wheel is undecaying, never loosened, and in it all these regions of the universe abide.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
One-wheeled car: either the orb of the sun, or time, or a year; the seven horses may be the seven solar rays,or the six seasons, with their aggregation and year; or the six doublemonths, and the intercalary month; or the seven days of the week; the wheels of the car, as typical and identical are said to be one; one horse; eko aśvo saptanāma = the Sun or Āditya, either as the absorber of the seven flavours, or as praised by the seven ṛṣi; it may be a pun, since sapta = a horse, seven; three-axled wheel: the day with its three sandhyās; or time, past, present and fugure; all these regions: all things are dependent upon time, which of itself is imperishable: anādinidhanaḥ kālaḥ, time is without beginning or end
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): dīrghatamā aucathyaḥ [dīrghatamas aucathya];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): viśvedevā:;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
स॒प्त । यु॒ञ्ज॒न्ति॒ । रथ॑म् । एक॑ऽचक्रम् । एकः॒ । अश्वः॑ । व॒ह॒ति॒ । स॒प्तऽना॑मा । त्रि॒ऽनाभि॑ । च॒क्रम् । अ॒जर॑म् । अ॒न॒र्वम् । यत्र॑ । इ॒मा । विश्वा॑ । भुव॑ना । अधि॑ । त॒स्थुः ॥
सप्त । युञ्जन्ति । रथम् । एकचक्रम् । एकः । अश्वः । वहति । सप्तनामा । त्रिनाभि । चक्रम् । अजरम् । अनर्वम् । यत्र । इमा । विश्वा । भुवना । अधि । तस्थुः ॥
sapta | yuñjanti | ratham | eka-cakram | ekaḥ | aśvaḥ | vahati | sapta-nāmā | tr i-nābhi | cakram | ajaram | anarvam | yatra | imā | viśvā | bhuvanā | adhi | tasthuḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.164.2 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“seven; seventh.”
[verb], plural, Present indikative
“mix; use; endow; yoke; accompany; to practice Yoga; connect; hire; administer; compound; affect; add; concentrate; unite; join; prosecute; combine; supply; compound; attach to; appoint; fill; process; mobilize; mount; complement; eat; join; treat; coincide; affect; challenge.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”
[noun]
“one; single(a); alone(p); some(a); single(a); eka [word]; alone(p); excellent; each(a); some(a); one; same; alone(p); some(a); consistent; any(a); undifferentiated; disjunct.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“wheel; Cakra; discus; army; cakra; oil mill; cakrikā; cakra; group.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“one; single(a); alone(p); some(a); single(a); eka [word]; alone(p); excellent; each(a); some(a); one; same; alone(p); some(a); consistent; any(a); undifferentiated; disjunct.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“horse; aśva [word]; Aśva; stallion.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“transport; bring; marry; run; drive; vāhay; drive; run; pull; nirvāpay; blow; transport; discharge; assume; remove.”
[noun]
“seven; seventh.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“name; appellation; nāman [word]; nāmakaraṇa; surname; noun; word.”
[noun]
“three; tri/tisṛ [word].”
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
“navel; hub; kinship; beginning; origin; umbilical cord; nābhi [word]; friendship; center.”
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
“wheel; Cakra; discus; army; cakra; oil mill; cakrikā; cakra; group.”
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
“undecaying; ageless.”
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
[adverb]
“wherein; once [when].”
[noun], nominative, plural, neuter
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
[noun], nominative, plural, neuter
“all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”
[noun], nominative, plural, neuter
“Earth; being; world; bhuvana [word].”
[adverb]
“on; from; accordingly.”
[verb], plural, Perfect indicative
“stay; stand; situate; exist; [in]; resist; endure; put; soak; be; stop; adhere; get stale; concentrate; grow; trust; wake; consociate; last; dwell; lie; stand; stop.”