Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.163.5

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

इ॒मा ते॑ वाजिन्नव॒मार्ज॑नानी॒मा श॒फानां॑ सनि॒तुर्नि॒धाना॑ । अत्रा॑ ते भ॒द्रा र॑श॒ना अ॑पश्यमृ॒तस्य॒ या अ॑भि॒रक्ष॑न्ति गो॒पाः ॥
इमा ते वाजिन्नवमार्जनानीमा शफानां सनितुर्निधाना । अत्रा ते भद्रा रशना अपश्यमृतस्य या अभिरक्षन्ति गोपाः ॥
imā te vājinn avamārjanānīmā śaphānāṃ sanitur nidhānā | atrā te bhadrā raśanā apaśyam ṛtasya yā abhirakṣanti gopāḥ ||

English translation:

“I have beheld, Horse, these your purifying (regions) these impressions of the feet of you who share in the sacrifice; and here your auspicious reins, which are the protectors of the rite that preserve it.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Avamārjanāni = the water with which the horse is sprinkled; śaphānām nidhānā, the plural ce of sacrifice, or the field  in which he is pastured; raśanā ṛtasya gopā = either the guards attending on the horse, or the priests

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): dīrghatamā aucathyaḥ [dīrghatamas aucathya];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): aśvo'gniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

इ॒मा । ते॒ । वा॒जि॒न् । अ॒व॒ऽमार्ज॑नानि । इ॒मा । श॒फाना॑म् । स॒नि॒तुः । नि॒ऽधाना॑ । अत्र॑ । ते॒ । भ॒द्राः । र॒श॒नाः । अ॒प॒श्य॒म् । ऋ॒तस्य॑ । याः । अ॒भि॒ऽरक्ष॑न्ति । गो॒पाः ॥
इमा । ते । वाजिन् । अवमार्जनानि । इमा । शफानाम् । सनितुः । निधाना । अत्र । ते । भद्राः । रशनाः । अपश्यम् । ऋतस्य । याः । अभिरक्षन्ति । गोपाः ॥
imā | te | vājin | ava-mārjanāni | imā | śaphānām | sanituḥ | ni-dhānā | atra | te | bhadrāḥ | raśanāḥ | apaśyam | ṛtasya | yāḥ | abhi-rakṣanti | gopāḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.163.5 English analysis of grammar]

imā < idam

[noun], nominative, plural, neuter

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

te < tvad

[noun], genitive, singular

“you.”

vājinn < vājin

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“horse; bird; seven; hero; achiever; aphrodisiac.”

avamārjanānīmā < avamārjanāni < avamārjana

[noun], nominative, plural, neuter

avamārjanānīmā < imā < idam

[noun], nominative, plural, neuter

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

śaphānāṃ < śaphānām < śapha

[noun], genitive, plural, masculine

“one-eighth; śapha [word].”

sanitur < sanituḥ < sanitṛ

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“bestowing; victorious.”

nidhānā < nidhāna

[noun], nominative, plural, neuter

“hoard; treasure; concealment; deposit.”

atrā < atra

[adverb]

“now; there; then; then; there; here; here; in the following; alternatively; now.”

te < tvad

[noun], genitive, singular

“you.”

bhadrā < bhadrāḥ < bhadra

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“auspicious; lovely; good; happy; bhadra [word]; lucky; fine-looking; beautiful.”

raśanā < raśanāḥ < raśanā

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“rein; bridle; girdle; cord.”

apaśyam < paś

[verb], singular, Imperfect

“see; view; watch; meet; observe; think of; look; examine; behold; visit; understand.”

ṛtasya < ṛta

[noun], genitive, singular, neuter

“truth; order; fixed order; ṛta [word]; law; custom; custom.”

< yāḥ < yad

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

abhirakṣanti < abhirakṣ < √rakṣ

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“guard; protect; defend.”

gopāḥ < gopā

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“herder; defender.”

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