Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.163.4
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
त्रीणि॑ त आहुर्दि॒वि बन्ध॑नानि॒ त्रीण्य॒प्सु त्रीण्य॒न्तः स॑मु॒द्रे । उ॒तेव॑ मे॒ वरु॑णश्छन्त्स्यर्व॒न्यत्रा॑ त आ॒हुः प॑र॒मं ज॒नित्र॑म् ॥
त्रीणि त आहुर्दिवि बन्धनानि त्रीण्यप्सु त्रीण्यन्तः समुद्रे । उतेव मे वरुणश्छन्त्स्यर्वन्यत्रा त आहुः परमं जनित्रम् ॥
trīṇi ta āhur divi bandhanāni trīṇy apsu trīṇy antaḥ samudre | uteva me varuṇaś chantsy arvan yatrā ta āhuḥ paramaṃ janitram ||
English translation:
“They have said that there are your bindings in heaven three upon earth; and three in the firmament. You declare to me, Horse, who are (one with) Varuṇa, that which they have called your most excellent birth.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
There upon earth: trīṇyapsu = three in the waters; the three bindings are: food,site, seed
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): dīrghatamā aucathyaḥ [dīrghatamas aucathya];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): aśvo'gniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): bhurikpaṅkti ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
त्रीणि॑ । ते॒ । आ॒हुः॒ । दि॒वि । बन्ध॑नानि । त्रीणि॑ । अ॒प्ऽसु । त्रीणि॑ । अ॒न्तरिति॑ । स॒मु॒द्रे । उ॒तऽइ॑व । मे॒ । वरु॑णः । छ॒न्त्सि॒ । अ॒र्व॒न् । यत्र॑ । ते॒ । आ॒हुः । प॒र॒मम् । ज॒नित्र॑म् ॥
त्रीणि । ते । आहुः । दिवि । बन्धनानि । त्रीणि । अप्सु । त्रीणि । अन्तरिति । समुद्रे । उतइव । मे । वरुणः । छन्त्सि । अर्वन् । यत्र । ते । आहुः । परमम् । जनित्रम् ॥
trīṇi | te | āhuḥ | divi | bandhanāni | trīṇi | ap-su | trīṇi | antariti | samudre | uta-iva | me | varuṇaḥ | chantsi | arvan | yatra | te | āhuḥ | paramam | janitram
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.163.4 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“three; tri/tisṛ [word].”
[noun], genitive, singular
“you.”
[verb], plural, Perfect indicative
“describe; state; say; enumerate; call; name; teach; tell; deem; explain; say; define.”
[noun], locative, singular, masculine
“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”
[noun], nominative, plural, neuter
“bandhana; dressing; saṃdhilepa; attachment; fetter; paralysis; enclosure; imprisonment; cord; spell; fastening; tying; shutting; joining; tendon; binding; stalk; hardening; bondage; captivity; constipation; kapha; bandhana; ligament.”
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“three; tri/tisṛ [word].”
[noun], locative, plural, feminine
“water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“three; tri/tisṛ [word].”
[adverb]
“inside; in; antar [word]; midmost; between; among.”
[noun], locative, singular, masculine
“ocean; Samudra; sea; samudra [word]; four.”
[adverb]
“and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”
[adverb]
“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”
[noun], dative, singular
“I; mine.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Varuna; varuṇa [word]; Crataeva religiosa Forst.; Varuṇa; varuṇādi.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“horse.”
[adverb]
“wherein; once [when].”
[noun], genitive, singular
“you.”
[verb], plural, Perfect indicative
“describe; state; say; enumerate; call; name; teach; tell; deem; explain; say; define.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“extreme; best; excellent; highest; highest; devoted(p); maximal; distant; parama [word]; very; farthermost.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“birthplace; parent.”