Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.163.2
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
य॒मेन॑ द॒त्तं त्रि॒त ए॑नमायुन॒गिन्द्र॑ एणं प्रथ॒मो अध्य॑तिष्ठत् । ग॒न्ध॒र्वो अ॑स्य रश॒नाम॑गृभ्णा॒त्सूरा॒दश्वं॑ वसवो॒ निर॑तष्ट ॥
यमेन दत्तं त्रित एनमायुनगिन्द्र एणं प्रथमो अध्यतिष्ठत् । गन्धर्वो अस्य रशनामगृभ्णात्सूरादश्वं वसवो निरतष्ट ॥
yamena dattaṃ trita enam āyunag indra eṇam prathamo adhy atiṣṭhat | gandharvo asya raśanām agṛbhṇāt sūrād aśvaṃ vasavo nir ataṣṭa ||
English translation:
“Trita harnessed the horse which was given by yama; Indra first mounted him, and gandharva seized his reins. Vasus, you fabricated the horse from the sun.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Trita = Vāyu, as pervading the three regions;
Yama = Agni;
Gandharva = Soma;
Vasus = demi-gods or person nified solar rays;
Sūra = ādityamaṇḍala, the solar sphere
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): dīrghatamā aucathyaḥ [dīrghatamas aucathya];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): aśvo'gniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): bhuriktriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
य॒मेन॑ । द॒त्तम् । त्रि॒तः । ए॒न॒म् । अ॒यु॒न॒क् । इन्द्रः॑ । ए॒न॒म् । प्र॒थ॒मः । अधि॑ । अ॒ति॒ष्ठ॒त् । ग॒न्ध॒र्वः । अ॒स्य॒ । र॒श॒नाम् । अ॒गृ॒भ्णा॒त् । सूरा॑त् । अश्व॑म् । व॒स॒वः॒ । निः । अ॒त॒ष्ट॒ ॥
यमेन । दत्तम् । त्रितः । एनम् । अयुनक् । इन्द्रः । एनम् । प्रथमः । अधि । अतिष्ठत् । गन्धर्वः । अस्य । रशनाम् । अगृभ्णात् । सूरात् । अश्वम् । वसवः । निः । अतष्ट ॥
yamena | dattam | tritaḥ | enam | ayunak | indraḥ | enam | prathamaḥ | adhi | ati ṣṭhat | gandharvaḥ | asya | raśanām | agṛbhṇāt | sūrāt | aśvam | vasavaḥ | niḥ | ataṣṭa
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.163.2 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
“Yama; yama; twin; yam; Yama; two; bridle; yama [word]; Asvins.”
[verb noun], accusative, singular
“give; add; perform; put; administer; fill into; give; ignite; put on; offer; use; fuel; pour; grant; feed; teach; construct; insert; drip; wrap; pay; hand over; lend; inflict; concentrate; sacrifice; splint; poultice; create.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Trita.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.).”
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“āyuj [word].”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“first; prathama [word]; third; young; chief(a); best; antecedent.”
[adverb]
“on; from; accordingly.”
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“stay; stand; situate; exist; [in]; resist; endure; put; soak; be; stop; adhere; get stale; concentrate; grow; trust; wake; consociate; last; dwell; lie; stand; stop.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Gandharva; castor-oil plant; horse; Gandharva; Indian cuckoo.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine
“rein; bridle; girdle; cord.”
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“take; grasp; take out; extract; perceive; pick; assume; include; accept; understand; use; learn; possess; keep; choose; accept; afflict; suck; paralyze; mention; mistake; eat; wear; embrace; fill into; capture; eclipse; get; collect; hand down; marry; heed; touch.”
[noun], ablative, singular, masculine
“sun.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“horse; aśva [word]; Aśva; stallion.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“Vasu; Vasu; eight; vas; audbhida; Deva; sun; pāṃśuja; Agni.”
[adverb]
“niḥ; away; out; without.”
[verb], plural, Imperfect
“produce; shape; fashion; chisel; invent.”