Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.161.4
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
च॒कृ॒वांस॑ ऋभव॒स्तद॑पृच्छत॒ क्वेद॑भू॒द्यः स्य दू॒तो न॒ आज॑गन् । य॒दावाख्य॑च्चम॒साञ्च॒तुर॑: कृ॒तानादित्त्वष्टा॒ ग्नास्व॒न्तर्न्या॑नजे ॥
चकृवांस ऋभवस्तदपृच्छत क्वेदभूद्यः स्य दूतो न आजगन् । यदावाख्यच्चमसाञ्चतुरः कृतानादित्त्वष्टा ग्नास्वन्तर्न्यानजे ॥
cakṛvāṃsa ṛbhavas tad apṛcchata kved abhūd yaḥ sya dūto na ājagan | yadāvākhyac camasāñ caturaḥ kṛtān ād it tvaṣṭā gnāsv antar ny ānaje ||
English translation:
“So doing Ṛbhus, you inquired: where, indeed, is he who came to us as a messenger? When Tvaṣṭā observed the one ladle become four, he was immediately lost amongst the women.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Gnāsu antarnyānaje; the verb is explained: nyakto abhūt; the combination of ni and anj is perhaps the converse of vyañj, to be manifest, i.e. to be concealed, indistinct, or invisible. gnā = strī (mena gnā iti strīṇām--Nirukta 3.21); stṛyam ātmānam amanyata = he, Tvaṣṭā, fancied himself; woman, that is, he felt humbled, as feeble as a feminine le
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): dīrghatamā aucathyaḥ [dīrghatamas aucathya];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): ṛbhavaḥ ;
Chandas (meter): bhuriktriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
च॒कृ॒ऽवांसः॑ । ऋ॒भ॒वः॒ । तत् । अ॒पृ॒च्छ॒त॒ । क्व॑ । इत् । अ॒भू॒त् । यः । स्यः । दू॒तः । नः॒ । आ । अज॑गन् । य॒दा । अ॒व॒ऽअख्य॑त् । च॒म॒सान् । च॒तुरः॑ । कृ॒तान् । आत् । इत् । त्वष्टा॑ । ग्नासु॑ । अ॒न्तः । नि । आ॒न॒जे॒ ॥
चकृवांसः । ऋभवः । तत् । अपृच्छत । क्व । इत् । अभूत् । यः । स्यः । दूतः । नः । आ । अजगन् । यदा । अवअख्यत् । चमसान् । चतुरः । कृतान् । आत् । इत् । त्वष्टा । ग्नासु । अन्तः । नि । आनजे ॥
cakṛ-vāṃsaḥ | ṛbhavaḥ | tat | apṛcchata | kva | it | abhūt | yaḥ | syaḥ | dūtaḥ | naḥ | ā | ajagan | yadā | ava-akhyat | camasān | caturaḥ | kṛtān | āt | it | tvaṣṭā | gnāsu | antaḥ | ni | ānaje
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.161.4 English analysis of grammar]
[verb noun], nominative, plural
“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“Ribhus.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[verb], plural, Imperfect
“ask; ask; ask; consult; interrogate.”
[adverb]
“wherein; how; kva [word].”
[adverb]
“indeed; assuredly; entirely.”
[verb], singular, Root aorist (Ind.)
“become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“who; which; yat [pronoun].”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“that.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“messenger; emissary; dūta [word].”
[noun], accusative, plural
“I; mine.”
[verb], singular, Plusquamperfect
“come; arrive; return; enter (a state); approach; travel; enter; inherit; hand down; achieve; reach; appear; happen.”
[adverb]
“once [when]; if.”
[verb], singular, Thematic aorist (Ind.)
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
“camasa; beaker; cake.”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
“four; catur [word].”
[verb noun], accusative, plural
“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”
[adverb]
“then.”
[adverb]
“indeed; assuredly; entirely.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Tvaṣṭṛ; Viśvakarman; sun.”
[noun], locative, plural, feminine
“goddess.”
[adverb]
“inside; in; antar [word]; midmost; between; among.”
[adverb]
“back; down.”
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“smear; anoint; mix; color.”