Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.159.4

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

ते मा॒यिनो॑ ममिरे सु॒प्रचे॑तसो जा॒मी सयो॑नी मिथु॒ना समो॑कसा । नव्यं॑नव्यं॒ तन्तु॒मा त॑न्वते दि॒वि स॑मु॒द्रे अ॒न्तः क॒वय॑: सुदी॒तय॑: ॥
ते मायिनो ममिरे सुप्रचेतसो जामी सयोनी मिथुना समोकसा । नव्यंनव्यं तन्तुमा तन्वते दिवि समुद्रे अन्तः कवयः सुदीतयः ॥
te māyino mamire supracetaso jāmī sayonī mithunā samokasā | navyaṃ-navyaṃ tantum ā tanvate divi samudre antaḥ kavayaḥ sudītayaḥ ||

English translation:

“Those provident and intelligent sisters, (the rays of light), conceived of the same womb, (ever) united (with each other), and dwelling in the same abode, metre out (all things); knowing (their functions), and bright-shining, they spread in ever new (directions) throughout the radiant firmament.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

The epithets are to agree with te, they two;but some epithers are in plural ra, not the dual: te māyinaḥ supracetasaḥ, kavayaḥ sudītyaḥ; some are in the dual: sayoni, samokasā; the plural rals seem to imply another substantive: raśmayaḥ, rays of light: e.g., supracetasaḥ = prakarṣeṇa cetitum śaktā raśmayaḥ, rays able distinctly to apprehend; sudītayaḥ udyotanāḥ, raśmayaḥ, rising rays; the dual s are consistently referred to 'heaven and earth': samokasā, both dwelling together in the same space: dyu pṛthivyor ekasmin nevā vakāśarūpe ākāśe avasthānāt

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): dīrghatamā aucathyaḥ [dīrghatamas aucathya];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): dyāvāpṛthivyau ;
Chandas (meter): jagatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

ते । मा॒यिनः॑ । म॒मि॒रे॒ । सु॒ऽप्रचे॑तसः । जा॒मी इति॑ । सयो॑नी॒ इति॒ सऽयो॑नी । मि॒थु॒ना । सम्ऽओ॑कसा । नव्य॑म्ऽनव्यम् । तन्तु॑म् । आ । त॒न्व॒ते । दि॒वि । स॒मु॒द्रे । अ॒न्तरिति॑ । क॒वयः॑ । सु॒ऽदी॒तयः॑ ॥
ते । मायिनः । ममिरे । सुप्रचेतसः । जामी इति । सयोनी इति सयोनी । मिथुना । सम्ओकसा । नव्यम्नव्यम् । तन्तुम् । आ । तन्वते । दिवि । समुद्रे । अन्तरिति । कवयः । सुदीतयः ॥
te | māyinaḥ | mamire | su-pracetasaḥ | jāmī iti | sayonī itisa-yonī | mithunā | sam-okasā | navyam-navyam | tantum | ā | tanvate | divi | samudre | antariti | kavayaḥ | su-dītayaḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.159.4 English analysis of grammar]

te < tad

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

māyino < māyinaḥ < māyin

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“artful; charming; crafty; deceptive.”

mamire <

[verb], plural, Perfect indicative

“weigh; measure; total; last; weigh; measure; give away; transform.”

supracetaso < su

[adverb]

“very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

supracetaso < pracetasaḥ < pracetas

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“intelligent; mindful; attentive; wise; apt; observant.”

jāmī < jāmi

[noun], accusative, dual, feminine

“sister; woman; daughter-in-law.”

sayonī < sayoni

[noun], accusative, dual, feminine

“related.”

mithunā < mithuna

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“twin; couple; couple; coupling; sexual intercourse; Gemini.”

samokasā < samokas

[noun], accusative, dual, feminine

navyaṃ < navyam < navya

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“new; fresh.”

navyaṃ < navyam < navya

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“new; fresh.”

tantum < tantu

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“thread; fiber; lineage; cobweb; fibril; stalk.”

ā < _ < √_

[?]

“_”

tanvate < tan

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“expand; perform; cause; increase; write; spread; produce; spread; speak; propagate.”

divi < div

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

samudre < samudra

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“ocean; Samudra; sea; samudra [word]; four.”

antaḥ < antar

[adverb]

“inside; in; antar [word]; midmost; between; among.”

kavayaḥ < kavi

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“poet; wise man; bard; Venus; Uśanas; kavi [word]; Kavi; prophet; guru; Brahma.”

sudītayaḥ < su

[adverb]

“very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

sudītayaḥ < dītayaḥ < dīti

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

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