Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.158.5

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

न मा॑ गरन्न॒द्यो॑ मा॒तृत॑मा दा॒सा यदीं॒ सुस॑मुब्धम॒वाधु॑: । शिरो॒ यद॑स्य त्रैत॒नो वि॒तक्ष॑त्स्व॒यं दा॒स उरो॒ अंसा॒वपि॑ ग्ध ॥
न मा गरन्नद्यो मातृतमा दासा यदीं सुसमुब्धमवाधुः । शिरो यदस्य त्रैतनो वितक्षत्स्वयं दास उरो अंसावपि ग्ध ॥
na mā garan nadyo mātṛtamā dāsā yad īṃ susamubdham avādhuḥ | śiro yad asya traitano vitakṣat svayaṃ dāsa uro aṃsāv api gdha ||

English translation:

“Let not the maternal waters swallow me, since the slaves hurled down this decrepit (old man); in like manner as Traitana wounded his head, so has the slave wounded his own, and has struck his breast and shoulders.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Vitakṣat = imperative, takṣatu: tasmāt sa dāsaḥ svayam svakīyam eva śiras takṣatu, therefore may that slave of his own accord wound his own head. The silent repetition of the hymn is said to be a sure protection against a murderer, a wolf, or a tiger; particularly, a traveller is asked to repeat it for three times, until sunrise

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): dīrghatamā aucathyaḥ [dīrghatamas aucathya];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): aśvinau ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

न । मा॒ । ग॒र॒न् । न॒द्यः॑ । मा॒तृऽत॑माः । दा॒साः । यत् । ई॒म् । सुऽस॑मुब्धम् । अ॒व॒ऽअधुः॑ । शिरः॑ । यत् । अ॒स्य॒ । त्रै॒त॒नः । वि॒ऽतक्ष॑त् । स्व॒यम् । दा॒सः । उरः॑ । अंसौ॑ । अपि॑ । ग्धेति॑ ग्ध ॥
न । मा । गरन् । नद्यः । मातृतमाः । दासाः । यत् । ईम् । सुसमुब्धम् । अवअधुः । शिरः । यत् । अस्य । त्रैतनः । वितक्षत् । स्वयम् । दासः । उरः । अंसौ । अपि । ग्धेति ग्ध ॥
na | mā | garan | nadyaḥ | mātṛ-tamāḥ | dāsāḥ | yat | īm | su-samubdham | ava-adhuḥ | śiraḥ | yat | asya | traitanaḥ | vi-takṣat | svayam | dāsaḥ | uraḥ | aṃsau | api | gdhetigdha

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.158.5 English analysis of grammar]

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

< mad

[noun], accusative, singular

“I; mine.”

garan < gṛ

[verb], plural, Aorist conj./subj.

“devour; swallow; surround.”

nadyo < nadyaḥ < nadī

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“river; nadī; nadī [word]; Premna spinosa Roxb..”

mātṛtamā < mātṛtamāḥ < mātṛtama

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“motherly.”

dāsā < dāsāḥ < dāsa

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“slave; Dāsa; servant; savage; Shudra.”

yad < yat

[adverb]

“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

īṃ < īm < īṃ

[adverb]

susamubdham < su

[adverb]

“very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

susamubdham < samubdham < samubh < √ubh

[verb noun], accusative, singular

avādhuḥ < avadhā < √dhā

[verb], plural, Root aorist (Ind.)

“concentrate; immerse; set down.”

śiro < śiraḥ < śiras

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“head; top; peak; battlefront; śiras [word]; beginning; skull.”

yad < yat

[adverb]

“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

asya < idam

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

traitano < traitanaḥ < traitana

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

vitakṣat < vitakṣ < √takṣ

[verb], singular, Present injunctive

svayaṃ < svayam

[adverb]

“personally; spontaneously; svayam [word]; voluntarily.”

dāsa < dāsaḥ < dāsa

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“slave; Dāsa; servant; savage; Shudra.”

uro < uraḥ < uras

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“breast; thorax; uras [word]; bosom; center.”

aṃsāv < aṃsau < aṃsa

[noun], accusative, dual, masculine

“shoulder; aṃsa [word].”

api

[adverb]

“besides; even; surely; though; furthermore; among; contrastingly; assuredly.”

gdha < _ < √_

[?]

“_”

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