Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.158.4

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

उप॑स्तुतिरौच॒थ्यमु॑रुष्ये॒न्मा मामि॒मे प॑त॒त्रिणी॒ वि दु॑ग्धाम् । मा मामेधो॒ दश॑तयश्चि॒तो धा॒क्प्र यद्वां॑ ब॒द्धस्त्मनि॒ खाद॑ति॒ क्षाम् ॥
उपस्तुतिरौचथ्यमुरुष्येन्मा मामिमे पतत्रिणी वि दुग्धाम् । मा मामेधो दशतयश्चितो धाक्प्र यद्वां बद्धस्त्मनि खादति क्षाम् ॥
upastutir aucathyam uruṣyen mā mām ime patatriṇī vi dugdhām | mā mām edho daśatayaś cito dhāk pra yad vām baddhas tmani khādati kṣām ||

English translation:

“May the praise addressed to you, Aśvins, preserve the son of Ucatthya; let not those revolving (days and nights) exhaust me; let not the ten times kindled fire consume me; let it not be, that one who is your, (dependant), bound (with bonds), should of himself bite the earth.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Should of himself bite the earth: tmani khādate kṣām = lit. by himself he eats the earth; i.e. being unable, from age and infirmity, to walk, he crawls or rolls on the ground

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): dīrghatamā aucathyaḥ [dīrghatamas aucathya];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): aśvinau ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

उप॑ऽस्तुतिः । औ॒च॒थ्यम् । उ॒रु॒ष्ये॒त् । मा । माम् । इ॒मे इति॑ । प॒त॒त्रिणी॒ इति॑ । वि । दु॒ग्धा॒म् । मा । माम् । एधः॑ । दश॑ऽतयः । चि॒तः । धा॒क् । प्र । यत् । वा॒म् । ब॒द्धः । त्मनि॑ । खाद॑ति । क्षाम् ॥
उपस्तुतिः । औचथ्यम् । उरुष्येत् । मा । माम् । इमे इति । पतत्रिणी इति । वि । दुग्धाम् । मा । माम् । एधः । दशतयः । चितः । धाक् । प्र । यत् । वाम् । बद्धः । त्मनि । खादति । क्षाम् ॥
upa-stutiḥ | aucathyam | uruṣyet | mā | mām | ime iti | patatriṇī iti | vi | dugdhām | mā | mām | edhaḥ | daśa-tayaḥ | citaḥ | dhāk | pra | yat | vām | baddhaḥ | tmani | khādati | kṣām

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.158.4 English analysis of grammar]

upastutir < upastutiḥ < upastuti

[noun], nominative, singular, feminine

“praise; applause.”

aucathyam < aucathya

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“Dīrghatamas.”

uruṣyen < uruṣyet < uruṣy

[verb], singular, Present optative

“protect; help.”

[adverb]

“not.”

mām < mad

[noun], accusative, singular

“I; mine.”

ime < idam

[noun], nominative, dual, neuter

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

patatriṇī < patatrin

[noun], nominative, dual, neuter

“flying; winged.”

vi

[adverb]

“apart; away; away.”

dugdhām < duh

[verb], dual, Present imperative

“milk.”

[adverb]

“not.”

mām < mad

[noun], accusative, singular

“I; mine.”

edho < edhaḥ < edha

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“fuel.”

daśatayaś < daśatayaḥ < daśataya

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“tenfold.”

cito < citaḥ < ci

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“cover; accumulate; pile up; pick; cover.”

dhāk < dah

[verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)

“burn; cauterize; heat; burn; burn; burn; roast; blaze; burn; distress; destroy.”

pra

[adverb]

“towards; ahead.”

yad < yat

[adverb]

“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

vām < tvad

[noun], genitive, dual

“you.”

baddhas < baddhaḥ < bandh

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“bandh; tie; envelop; close; dress; wrap; bind; constipate; fixate; shape; paralyze; construct; bandage; compress; beset; oblige; strap; restrain; bind; gesticulate; wear; bar; bandh; connect; stud; mix; obstruct; write; restrain; bind; persecute; enclose; ligature; fill into; fasten.”

tmani < tman

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“self.”

khādati < khād

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“eat; chew; feed; consume; gnash; gulp; devour.”

kṣām < kṣā

[noun], accusative, singular, feminine

“Earth; Earth.”

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