Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.157.2
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
यद्यु॒ञ्जाथे॒ वृष॑णमश्विना॒ रथं॑ घृ॒तेन॑ नो॒ मधु॑ना क्ष॒त्रमु॑क्षतम् । अ॒स्माकं॒ ब्रह्म॒ पृत॑नासु जिन्वतं व॒यं धना॒ शूर॑साता भजेमहि ॥
यद्युञ्जाथे वृषणमश्विना रथं घृतेन नो मधुना क्षत्रमुक्षतम् । अस्माकं ब्रह्म पृतनासु जिन्वतं वयं धना शूरसाता भजेमहि ॥
yad yuñjāthe vṛṣaṇam aśvinā rathaṃ ghṛtena no madhunā kṣatram ukṣatam | asmākam brahma pṛtanāsu jinvataṃ vayaṃ dhanā śūrasātā bhajemahi ||
English translation:
“When, Aśvins, you harness your bounty-shedding chariot, refresh our strength with trickling honey; bestow (abundant) food upon our people; may we acquire riches in the strife of heroes.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
With trickling honey: madhunā ghṛtena: madhu iti udakanāma (Nirukta 1.12.11), madhu may be an adjective for madhura, sweet, with sweet water; or, it may be a substantive for amṛta, ambrosia, with trickling nectar; or, it may just be honey, in the context of the next hymn where the chariot of the Aśvins is termed madhuvāhana, honey-bearing; upon our people: asmākam brahma pṛtanāsu: pṛtanā = manuṣya (pṛtanā iti manuṣyanāma--- Nirukta 2.3.25); i.e., children and dependants. Brahmā = anna, food
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): dīrghatamā aucathyaḥ [dīrghatamas aucathya];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): aśvinau ;
Chandas (meter): jagatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
यत् । यु॒ञ्जाथे॒ इति॑ । वृष॑णम् । अ॒श्वि॒ना॒ । रथ॑म् । घृ॒तेन॑ । नः॒ । मधु॑ना । क्ष॒त्रम् । उ॒क्ष॒त॒म् । अ॒स्माक॑म् । ब्रह्म॑ । पृत॑नासु । जि॒न्व॒त॒म् । व॒यम् । धना॑ । शूर॑ऽसाता । भ॒जे॒म॒हि॒ ॥
यत् । युञ्जाथे इति । वृषणम् । अश्विना । रथम् । घृतेन । नः । मधुना । क्षत्रम् । उक्षतम् । अस्माकम् । ब्रह्म । पृतनासु । जिन्वतम् । वयम् । धना । शूरसाता । भजेमहि ॥
yat | yuñjātheiti | vṛṣaṇam | aśvinā | ratham | ghṛtena | naḥ | madhunā | kṣatram | ukṣatam | asmākam | brahma | pṛtanāsu | jinvatam | vayam | dhanā | śūra-sātā | bhajemahi
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.157.2 English analysis of grammar]
[adverb]
“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”
[verb], dual, Present indikative
“mix; use; endow; yoke; accompany; to practice Yoga; connect; hire; administer; compound; affect; add; concentrate; unite; join; prosecute; combine; supply; compound; attach to; appoint; fill; process; mobilize; mount; complement; eat; join; treat; coincide; affect; challenge.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“bullocky; potent; powerful; strong; manly; aroused; potent; much(a); male; large.”
[noun], vocative, dual, masculine
“Asvins; two.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
“ghee; fat.”
[noun], genitive, plural
“I; mine.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
“honey; alcohol; sweet; nectar; madhu [word].”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“Kshatriya; dominion; Kshatriya; kṣatra [word]; power.”
[verb], dual, Present imperative
“sprinkle; wet.”
[noun], genitive, plural
“I; mine.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“brahman; mantra; prayer; spell; Veda; Brahmin; sacred text; final emancipation; hymn; brahman [word]; Brāhmaṇa; study.”
[noun], locative, plural, feminine
“army; battle; pṛtanā [word]; pṛtanā.”
[verb], dual, Present imperative
“enliven; animate.”
[noun], nominative, plural
“I; mine.”
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“wealth; property; money; treasure; prize; dhana [word]; valuable; dhan; capital; fight.”
[noun], locative, singular, feminine
[verb], plural, Present optative
“eat; enjoy; enter (a state); worship; love; flee; possess; fall to one's share; partake; share; get; approach; love; use.”