Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.154.1

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

विष्णो॒र्नु कं॑ वी॒र्या॑णि॒ प्र वो॑चं॒ यः पार्थि॑वानि विम॒मे रजां॑सि । यो अस्क॑भाय॒दुत्त॑रं स॒धस्थं॑ विचक्रमा॒णस्त्रे॒धोरु॑गा॒यः ॥
विष्णोर्नु कं वीर्याणि प्र वोचं यः पार्थिवानि विममे रजांसि । यो अस्कभायदुत्तरं सधस्थं विचक्रमाणस्त्रेधोरुगायः ॥
viṣṇor nu kaṃ vīryāṇi pra vocaṃ yaḥ pārthivāni vimame rajāṃsi | yo askabhāyad uttaraṃ sadhasthaṃ vicakramāṇas tredhorugāyaḥ ||

English translation:

“Earnetly I glorify the exploits of Viṣṇu, who made the three worlds; who sustained the lofty aggregate site (of the spheres); thrice traversing (the whole); who is praised by the exalted.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Pārthivāni vimame rajāṃsi = lit. he made the earthly regions;

Pṛthivī = three worlds: atra trayo lokā api pṛthivī śabdavācyā; Indra and Agni are said to abide in the lower, middle and upper pṛthivī or world-- yad indrāgnī avamasyām pṛthīvyām madhyamasyām paramasyam uta stha (RV. 1.108.9; Taittirīya Saṃhitā 1.2.12.1); seven lower lokās are also included in the word pṛthivī;or, the term is limited to the three regions addressed in prayer, bhūḥ bhuvar svar; who sustained the lofty: uttaram sadhastham askabhāyat: sadastha = the firmament, as the asylum of the three regions-- lokatrayāśrayabhūtam antarikṣam; or, the seven regions above the earth; or, the highest region of all, whence there is no return; or the above of the righteous, the satya-loka;

Askabhāyat = nirmitavān, created; thrice traversing: vicakramāṇas tredhā (idam viṣṇurvi cakrame: RV. 1.22.17); traversing in various ways in own created worlds

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): dīrghatamā aucathyaḥ [dīrghatamas aucathya];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): viṣṇuḥ ;
Chandas (meter): virāṭtrisṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

विष्णोः॑ । नु । क॒म् । वी॒र्या॑णि । प्र । वो॒च॒म् । यः । पार्थि॑वानि । वि॒ऽम॒मे । रजां॑सि । यः । अस्क॑भायत् । उत्ऽत॑रम् । स॒धऽस्थ॑म् । वि॒ऽच॒क्र॒मा॒णः । त्रे॒धा । ऊ॒रु॒ऽगा॒यः ॥
विष्णोः । नु । कम् । वीर्याणि । प्र । वोचम् । यः । पार्थिवानि । विममे । रजांसि । यः । अस्कभायत् । उत्तरम् । सधस्थम् । विचक्रमाणः । त्रेधा । ऊरुगायः ॥
viṣṇoḥ | nu | kam | vīryāṇi | pra | vocam | yaḥ | pārthivāni | vi-mame | rajāṃsi | yaḥ | askabhāyat | ut-taram | sadha-stham | vi-cakramāṇaḥ | tredhā | ūru-gāyaḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.154.1 English analysis of grammar]

viṣṇor < viṣṇoḥ < viṣṇu

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“Vishnu; Krishna; Viṣṇu; Om; Shiva.”

nu

[adverb]

“now; already.”

kaṃ < kam < kaṃ

[adverb]

“kaṃ [word].”

vīryāṇi < vīrya

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“potency; vīrya; heroism; potency; strength; semen; power; deed; active agent; efficacy; vīryapāramitā; gold; vigor; vīrya [word]; virility; manfulness; jewel; force.”

pra

[adverb]

“towards; ahead.”

vocaṃ < vocam < vac

[verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)

“say; describe; name; tell; address; enumerate; call; state; teach; explain; say; declare; speak; define; declare; order; address; recommend; answer; deem; recite; approve; proclaim; indicate; determine; mention; designate.”

yaḥ < yad

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

pārthivāni < pārthiva

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“earthly; earthen; mundane; royal; tellurian; sublunar.”

vimame < vimā < √mā

[verb], singular, Perfect indicative

“arrange; distribute; barter; measure; fixate.”

rajāṃsi < rajas

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“powder; menorrhea; dust; Rajas; atmosphere; rajas; pollen; passion; rajas [word]; sindūra; rust; tin; impurity; dark; sky.”

yo < yaḥ < yad

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

askabhāyad < askabhāyat < skabhāy < √skambh

[verb], singular, Imperfect

uttaraṃ < uttaram < uttara

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“northern; following; upper; additional; better; more(a); last; concluding; superior; later(a); uttara [word]; prevailing; future; left; northerly; northerly; higher; second; dominant; excellent; chief(a).”

sadhasthaṃ < sadhastham < sadhastha

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“dwelling; location; home.”

vicakramāṇas < vicakramāṇaḥ < vikram < √kram

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“act heroicly; stride.”

tredhorugāyaḥ < tredhā

[adverb]

“threefold.”

tredhorugāyaḥ < uru

[noun]

“wide; broad; great; uru [word]; much(a); excellent.”

tredhorugāyaḥ < gāyaḥ < gāya

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

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