Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.150.3

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

स च॒न्द्रो वि॑प्र॒ मर्त्यो॑ म॒हो व्राध॑न्तमो दि॒वि । प्रप्रेत्ते॑ अग्ने व॒नुष॑: स्याम ॥
स चन्द्रो विप्र मर्त्यो महो व्राधन्तमो दिवि । प्रप्रेत्ते अग्ने वनुषः स्याम ॥
sa candro vipra martyo maho vrādhantamo divi | pra-pret te agne vanuṣaḥ syāma ||

English translation:

“Sage Agni, the mortal (who propitiates you) becomes a moon in heaven, the most eminent of the great (deities); may we, therefore, ever be in an especial manner your worshippers.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

A moon in heaveṅ  so candro maryaḥ: he becomes like the moon the rejoicer of all, āhlādakaḥ sarveṣām; or, he even becomes the moon, candra eva bhavati; according to the Chandogās: candratvaprāptim chandogā āmananti, the Chandogās are authority for obtaining the condition of the moon; pitṛlokādākāśam ākāśāc-candramasam eṣa somo rājā, from the region of the pitṛs to the ākāśa; from ākāśa to the moon, this is soma, the king. Muṇḍaka Upaniṣad also refers to: dyulokaprāptiḥ, the attainement of heaven

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): dīrghatamā aucathyaḥ [dīrghatamas aucathya];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): bhuriggāyatrī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

सः । च॒न्द्रः । वि॒प्र॒ । मर्त्यः॑ । म॒हः । व्राध॑न्ऽतमः । दि॒वि । प्रऽप्र॑ । इत् । ते॒ । अ॒ग्ने॒ । व॒नुषः॑ । स्याम ॥
सः । चन्द्रः । विप्र । मर्त्यः । महः । व्राधन्तमः । दिवि । प्रप्र । इत् । ते । अग्ने । वनुषः । स्याम ॥
saḥ | candraḥ | vipra | martyaḥ | mahaḥ | vrādhan-tamaḥ | divi | pra-pra | it | te | agne | vanuṣaḥ | syāma

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.150.3 English analysis of grammar]

sa

[adverb]

“with; little; together.”

candro < candraḥ < candra

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“aglitter(p); shining.”

vipra

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“eloquent; stimulated; divine.”

martyo < martyaḥ < martya

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“man; people; martya [word]; Earth.”

maho < mahaḥ < maha

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“great; abundant.”

vrādhantamo < vrādhantamaḥ < vrādhantama

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

divi < div

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

pra

[adverb]

“towards; ahead.”

pret < pra

[adverb]

“towards; ahead.”

pret < id

[adverb]

“indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

te < tvad

[noun], genitive, singular

“you.”

agne < agni

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

vanuṣaḥ < vanus

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“unfriendly; competing(a).”

syāma < as

[verb], plural, Present optative

“be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

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