Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.141.4

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

प्र यत्पि॒तुः प॑र॒मान्नी॒यते॒ पर्या पृ॒क्षुधो॑ वी॒रुधो॒ दंसु॑ रोहति । उ॒भा यद॑स्य ज॒नुषं॒ यदिन्व॑त॒ आदिद्यवि॑ष्ठो अभवद्घृ॒णा शुचि॑: ॥
प्र यत्पितुः परमान्नीयते पर्या पृक्षुधो वीरुधो दंसु रोहति । उभा यदस्य जनुषं यदिन्वत आदिद्यविष्ठो अभवद्घृणा शुचिः ॥
pra yat pituḥ paramān nīyate pary ā pṛkṣudho vīrudho daṃsu rohati | ubhā yad asya januṣaṃ yad invata ād id yaviṣṭho abhavad ghṛṇā śuciḥ ||

English translation:

“As from the excellence of the nutritious (offering) be, (Agni), is brought forth and the consumable branches rise amidst (the flames); and as both (the instrumental tutor of the rite and the priest) combine for his genitive ration, therefore has he been genitive rated, pure, youthful, and radiant.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

As from the excellence: pra yat pituḥ paramān-nīyate paryā pṛkṣudho virudho daṃsu rohati; pituḥ paramāt, from the excellence of the sacrificial or the nutriment or food;

Pituḥ = genitive tive of pitṛ, a father or progenitor, i.e., figuratively, the gārhapatya agni, from which fire is taken, niyate, to the āhavanīya;

Pṛkṣudha = that which is to be consumed amonst the offerings, or what expects or desires to be consumed;

Virudh = shrub or creeper; fuel;

Daṃsu = danteṣu, teeth, or flames;

Ārohati = ārohanti, the singular for the plural ral

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): dīrghatamā aucathyaḥ [dīrghatamas aucathya];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛjjagatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

प्र । यत् । पि॒तुः । प॒र॒मात् । नी॒यते॑ । परि॑ । आ । पृ॒क्षुधः॑ । वी॒रुधः॑ । दम्ऽसु॑ । रो॒ह॒ति॒ । उ॒भा । यत् । अ॒स्य॒ । ज॒नुष॑म् । यत् । इन्व॑तः । आत् । इत् । यवि॑ष्ठः । अ॒भ॒व॒त् । घृ॒णा । शुचिः॑ ॥
प्र । यत् । पितुः । परमात् । नीयते । परि । आ । पृक्षुधः । वीरुधः । दम्सु । रोहति । उभा । यत् । अस्य । जनुषम् । यत् । इन्वतः । आत् । इत् । यविष्ठः । अभवत् । घृणा । शुचिः ॥
pra | yat | pituḥ | paramāt | nīyate | pari | ā | pṛkṣudhaḥ | vīrudhaḥ | dam-su | rohati | ubhā | yat | asya | januṣam | yat | invataḥ | āt | it | yaviṣṭhaḥ | abhavat | ghṛṇā | śuciḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.141.4 English analysis of grammar]

pra

[adverb]

“towards; ahead.”

yat

[adverb]

“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

pituḥ < pitṛ

[noun], ablative, singular, masculine

“father; Pitṛ; ancestor; parent; paternal ancestor; pitṛ [word]; forefather.”

paramān < paramāt < parama

[noun], ablative, singular, masculine

“extreme; best; excellent; highest; highest; devoted(p); maximal; distant; parama [word]; very; farthermost.”

nīyate <

[verb], singular, Indikativ Pr¦s. Passiv

“bring; lead; spend; decant; enter (a state); remove; take out; take away; enforce; marry; carry; fill into; bring; learn; go out; add.”

pary < pari

[adverb]

“from; about; around.”

ā

[adverb]

“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

pṛkṣudho < pṛkṣudhaḥ < pṛkṣudh

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

vīrudho < vīrudhaḥ < vīrudh

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“plant; shrub.”

daṃsu

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

rohati < ruh

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“heal; grow; cicatrize; climb; board; ascend; grow.”

ubhā < ubh

[noun], nominative, dual, masculine

“both(a).”

yad < yat

[adverb]

“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

asya < idam

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

januṣaṃ < januṣam < janus

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“birth.”

yad < yat

[adverb]

“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

invata < invataḥ < inv

[verb], dual, Present indikative

“bring; drive.”

ād < āt

[adverb]

“then.”

id

[adverb]

“indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

yaviṣṭho < yaviṣṭhaḥ < yaviṣṭha

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“youngest.”

abhavad < abhavat < bhū

[verb], singular, Imperfect

“become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”

ghṛṇā

[noun], instrumental, singular, feminine

“compassion; disgust; affection.”

śuciḥ < śuci

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“clean; clean; pure; bright; clear; honest; śuci [word]; clear; impeccant.”

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