Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.140.9

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अ॒धी॒वा॒सं परि॑ मा॒तू रि॒हन्नह॑ तुवि॒ग्रेभि॒: सत्व॑भिर्याति॒ वि ज्रय॑: । वयो॒ दध॑त्प॒द्वते॒ रेरि॑ह॒त्सदानु॒ श्येनी॑ सचते वर्त॒नीरह॑ ॥
अधीवासं परि मातू रिहन्नह तुविग्रेभिः सत्वभिर्याति वि ज्रयः । वयो दधत्पद्वते रेरिहत्सदानु श्येनी सचते वर्तनीरह ॥
adhīvāsam pari mātū rihann aha tuvigrebhiḥ satvabhir yāti vi jrayaḥ | vayo dadhat padvate rerihat sadānu śyenī sacate vartanīr aha ||

English translation:

“Licking up the (verdant) vesture of the mother (of all things, earth), the rapid (Agni) proceeds with resounding existences; granting sustenance to (every) footed (creature); ever consuming (fuel), so that a blackened track follows (hispath).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Proceeds with resounding existences: tuvigrebhiḥ satvabhiḥ viyāti = he goes variously with living beings, sounding loudly, or going quickly, accompanied by the cries or the flight of animals when he sets fire to a forest;

Footed: padvate = to that which has feet, either bipeds or quadrupeds

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): dīrghatamā aucathyaḥ [dīrghatamas aucathya];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛjjagatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अ॒धी॒वा॒सम् । परि॑ । मा॒तुः । रि॒हन् । अह॑ । तु॒वि॒ऽग्रेभिः । सत्व॑ऽभिः । या॒ति॒ । वि । ज्रयः॑ । वयः॑ । दध॑त् । प॒त्ऽवते॑ । रेरि॑हत् । सदा॑ । अनु॑ । श्येनी॑ । स॒च॒ते॒ । व॒र्त॒निः । अह॑ ॥
अधीवासम् । परि । मातुः । रिहन् । अह । तुविग्रेभिः । सत्वभिः । याति । वि । ज्रयः । वयः । दधत् । पत्वते । रेरिहत् । सदा । अनु । श्येनी । सचते । वर्तनिः । अह ॥
adhīvāsam | pari | mātuḥ | rihan | aha | tuvi-grebhiḥ | satva-bhiḥ | yāti | vi | jrayaḥ | vayaḥ | dadhat | pat-vate | rerihat | sadā | anu | śyenī | sacate | vartaniḥ | aha

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.140.9 English analysis of grammar]

adhīvāsam < adhīvāsa

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

pari

[adverb]

“from; about; around.”

mātū < mātuḥ < mātṛ

[noun], genitive, singular, feminine

“mother; mātṛkā; mātṛ [word]; parent; Salvinia cucullata Roxb.; Citrullus colocynthis Schrad.; cow.”

rihann < rihan < rih

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“lick.”

aha

[adverb]

“aha [word]; indeed.”

tuvigrebhiḥ < tuvigra

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

satvabhir < satvabhiḥ < satvan

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

“warrior.”

yāti <

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“go; enter (a state); travel; disappear; reach; come; campaign; elapse; arrive; drive; reach; leave; run; depart; ride.”

vi

[adverb]

“apart; away; away.”

jrayaḥ < jrayas

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“expanse; area.”

vayo < vayaḥ < vayas

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“age; vigor; old age; strength; vayas [word]; aging; power; youth; food.”

dadhat < dhā

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

padvate < padvat

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“footed.”

rerihat < rerih < √rih

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“lick.”

sadānu < sadā

[adverb]

“always; continually; always; perpetually.”

sadānu < anu

[adverb]

“subsequently; behind; along; towards; because.”

śyenī

[noun], nominative, singular, feminine

“śyenī.”

sacate < sac

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“accompany; follow; company; obey; participate; enter.”

vartanīr < vartanīḥ < vartani

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“path; East; way.”

aha

[adverb]

“aha [word]; indeed.”

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