Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.140.3

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

कृ॒ष्ण॒प्रुतौ॑ वेवि॒जे अ॑स्य स॒क्षिता॑ उ॒भा त॑रेते अ॒भि मा॒तरा॒ शिशु॑म् । प्रा॒चाजि॑ह्वं ध्व॒सय॑न्तं तृषु॒च्युत॒मा साच्यं॒ कुप॑यं॒ वर्ध॑नं पि॒तुः ॥
कृष्णप्रुतौ वेविजे अस्य सक्षिता उभा तरेते अभि मातरा शिशुम् । प्राचाजिह्वं ध्वसयन्तं तृषुच्युतमा साच्यं कुपयं वर्धनं पितुः ॥
kṛṣṇaprutau vevije asya sakṣitā ubhā tarete abhi mātarā śiśum | prācājihvaṃ dhvasayantaṃ tṛṣucyutam ā sācyaṃ kupayaṃ vardhanam pituḥ ||

English translation:

“Both his associated mothers, blackened (by combustion), are in movement, and give birth to an infant, whose tongue (of flame glows) in the east; (who) dissipates darkness; (who) rapidly issues forth; (who) is readily developed; (who) is (ever) to be cherished, and is the augmenter (of the prosperity) of his parent, (the instrumental tutor of the rite).”

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): dīrghatamā aucathyaḥ [dīrghatamas aucathya];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛjjagatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

कृ॒ष्ण॒ऽप्रुतौ॑ । वे॒वि॒जे इति॑ । अ॒स्य॒ । स॒ऽक्षितौ॑ । उ॒भा । त॒रे॒ते॒ इति॑ । अ॒भि । मा॒तरा॑ । शिशु॑म् । प्रा॒चाऽजि॑ह्वम् । ध्व॒सय॑न्तम् । तृ॒षु॒ऽच्युत॑म् । आ । साच्य॑म् । कुप॑यम् । वर्ध॑नम् । पि॒तुः ॥
कृष्णप्रुतौ । वेविजे इति । अस्य । सक्षितौ । उभा । तरेते इति । अभि । मातरा । शिशुम् । प्राचाजिह्वम् । ध्वसयन्तम् । तृषुच्युतम् । आ । साच्यम् । कुपयम् । वर्धनम् । पितुः ॥
kṛṣṇa-prutau | vevije iti | asya | sa-kṣitau | ubhā | tarete iti | abhi | mātarā | śiśum | prācājihvam | dhvasayantam | tṛṣu-cyutam | ā | sācyam | kupayam | vardhanam | pituḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.140.3 English analysis of grammar]

kṛṣṇaprutau < kṛṣṇa

[noun], neuter

“sauvīrāñjana; kṛṣṇalavaṇa; lead; kṛṣṇavarga; añjana; kācalavaṇa; sauvarcala; iron; pepper; darkness; black.”

kṛṣṇaprutau < prutau < prut

[noun], nominative, dual, feminine

vevije < vevija

[noun], nominative, dual, feminine

asya < idam

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

sakṣitā < sakṣitau < sakṣit

[noun], nominative, dual, feminine

ubhā < ubh

[noun], nominative, dual, feminine

“both(a).”

tarete < tṛ

[verb], dual, Present indikative

“traverse; overcome; float; rescue; reach; satisfy.”

abhi

[adverb]

“towards; on.”

mātarā < mātṛ

[noun], nominative, dual, feminine

“mother; mātṛkā; mātṛ [word]; parent; Salvinia cucullata Roxb.; Citrullus colocynthis Schrad.; cow.”

śiśum < śiśu

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“child; young; baby; śiśu [word]; Śiśu; male child; fetus.”

prācājihvaṃ < prācājihvam < prācājihva

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

dhvasayantaṃ < dhvasayantam < dhvasay < √dhvaṃs

[verb noun], accusative, singular

tṛṣucyutam < tṛṣu

[noun]

“dry.”

tṛṣucyutam < cyutam < cyut

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“shaking; dropping.”

ā

[adverb]

“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

sācyaṃ < sācyam < sācya

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

kupayaṃ < kupayam < kupaya

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

vardhanam < vardhana

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“increasing; fortifying; promotive; prolonging.”

pituḥ < pitṛ

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“father; Pitṛ; ancestor; parent; paternal ancestor; pitṛ [word]; forefather.”

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