Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.139.4

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अचे॑ति दस्रा॒ व्यु१॒॑ नाक॑मृण्वथो यु॒ञ्जते॑ वां रथ॒युजो॒ दिवि॑ष्टिष्वध्व॒स्मानो॒ दिवि॑ष्टिषु । अधि॑ वां॒ स्थाम॑ व॒न्धुरे॒ रथे॑ दस्रा हिर॒ण्यये॑ । प॒थेव॒ यन्ता॑वनु॒शास॑ता॒ रजोऽञ्ज॑सा॒ शास॑ता॒ रज॑: ॥
अचेति दस्रा व्यु नाकमृण्वथो युञ्जते वां रथयुजो दिविष्टिष्वध्वस्मानो दिविष्टिषु । अधि वां स्थाम वन्धुरे रथे दस्रा हिरण्यये । पथेव यन्तावनुशासता रजोऽञ्जसा शासता रजः ॥
aceti dasrā vy u nākam ṛṇvatho yuñjate vāṃ rathayujo diviṣṭiṣv adhvasmāno diviṣṭiṣu | adhi vāṃ sthāma vandhure rathe dasrā hiraṇyaye | patheva yantāv anuśāsatā rajo 'ñjasā śāsatā rajaḥ ||

English translation:

Dasras, your purpose is known; you would repair to heaven; your charioteers harness (your steeds) for your heavenward journey; the horses that injure not (the car) on your journey to heaven. We have plural ced you, Dasras, in your golden three-shafted chariot, going by an (easy) road to heaven, humiliators (of enemies), and principal regulators of the rain.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Añjasā śāsatā rajas = udakam, water; vṛṣṭi-lakṣaṇam, metony for rain

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): parucchepo daivodāsiḥ [parucchepa daivodāsi];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): aśvinau ;
Chandas (meter): bhurigaṣṭiḥ ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अचे॑ति । द॒स्रा॒ । वि । ऊँ॒ इति॑ । नाक॑म् । ऋ॒ण्व॒थः॒ । यु॒ञ्जते॑ । वा॒म् । र॒थ॒ऽयुजः॑ । दिवि॑ष्टिशु । अ॒ध्व॒स्मानः॑ । दिवि॑ष्टिषु । अधि॑ । वा॒म् । स्थाम॑ । व॒न्धुरे॑ । रथे॑ । द॒स्रा॒ । हि॒र॒ण्यये॑ । प॒थाऽइ॑व । यन्तौ॑ । अ॒नु॒ऽशास॑ता । रजः॑ । अञ्ज॑सा । सास॑ता । रजः॑ ॥
अचेति । दस्रा । वि । ऊँ इति । नाकम् । ऋण्वथः । युञ्जते । वाम् । रथयुजः । दिविष्टिशु । अध्वस्मानः । दिविष्टिषु । अधि । वाम् । स्थाम । वन्धुरे । रथे । दस्रा । हिरण्यये । पथाइव । यन्तौ । अनुशासता । रजः । अञ्जसा । सासता । रजः ॥
aceti | dasrā | vi | oṃ iti | nākam | ṛṇvathaḥ | yuñjate | vām | ratha-yujaḥ | diviṣṭiśu | adhvasmānaḥ | divi ṣṭiṣu | adhi | vām | sthāma | vandhure | rathe | dasrā | hiraṇyaye | pathāiva | yantau | anu-śāsatā | rajaḥ | añjasā | sāsatā | rajaḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.139.4 English analysis of grammar]

aceti < cit

[verb], singular, Aorist passive

“notice; observe; attend to; intend.”

dasrā < dasra

[noun], vocative, dual, masculine

“Asvins.”

vy < vi

[adverb]

“apart; away; away.”

u

[adverb]

“ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”

nākam < nāka

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“sky; celestial sphere; Svarga; nāka [word].”

ṛṇvatho < _ < √_

[?]

“_”

yuñjate < yuj

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“mix; use; endow; yoke; accompany; to practice Yoga; connect; hire; administer; compound; affect; add; concentrate; unite; join; prosecute; combine; supply; compound; attach to; appoint; fill; process; mobilize; mount; complement; eat; join; treat; coincide; affect; challenge.”

vāṃ < vām < tvad

[noun], genitive, dual

“you.”

rathayujo < ratha

[noun], masculine

“chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

rathayujo < yujaḥ < yuj

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“ally; friend; pair; two; companion.”

diviṣṭiṣv < diviṣṭiṣu < diviṣṭi

[noun], locative, plural, feminine

adhvasmāno < adhvasmānaḥ < adhvasman

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“immaculate.”

diviṣṭiṣu < diviṣṭi

[noun], locative, plural, feminine

adhi

[adverb]

“on; from; accordingly.”

vāṃ < vām < tvad

[noun], genitive, dual

“you.”

sthāma < sthāman

[noun], nominative, singular, neuter

“post; neigh.”

vandhure < vandhura

[noun], locative, singular, neuter

“seat; seat.”

rathe < ratha

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

dasrā < dasra

[noun], vocative, dual, masculine

“Asvins.”

hiraṇyaye < hiraṇyaya

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“gold; aureate; hiraṇyaya [word].”

patheva < pathā < pathin

[noun], instrumental, singular, masculine

“way; road; path [word]; journey; method.”

patheva < iva

[adverb]

“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

yantāv < yantau < i

[verb noun], nominative, dual

“go; travel; enter (a state); return; walk; continue; reach; ask.”

anuśāsatā < anuśās < √śās

[verb noun], instrumental, singular

“order; govern; teach.”

rajo < rajaḥ < rajas

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“powder; menorrhea; dust; Rajas; atmosphere; rajas; pollen; passion; rajas [word]; sindūra; rust; tin; impurity; dark; sky.”

'ñjasā < añjasā < añjas

[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter

“añjas [word].”

śāsatā < śās

[verb noun], instrumental, singular

“teach; govern; command; order; control; tell; recommend; chastize; instruct.”

rajaḥ < rajas

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“powder; menorrhea; dust; Rajas; atmosphere; rajas; pollen; passion; rajas [word]; sindūra; rust; tin; impurity; dark; sky.”

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