Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.136.1

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

प्र सु ज्येष्ठं॑ निचि॒राभ्यां॑ बृ॒हन्नमो॑ ह॒व्यं म॒तिं भ॑रता मृळ॒यद्भ्यां॒ स्वादि॑ष्ठं मृळ॒यद्भ्या॑म् । ता स॒म्राजा॑ घृ॒तासु॑ती य॒ज्ञेय॑ज्ञ॒ उप॑स्तुता । अथै॑नोः क्ष॒त्रं न कुत॑श्च॒नाधृषे॑ देव॒त्वं नू चि॑दा॒धृषे॑ ॥
प्र सु ज्येष्ठं निचिराभ्यां बृहन्नमो हव्यं मतिं भरता मृळयद्भ्यां स्वादिष्ठं मृळयद्भ्याम् । ता सम्राजा घृतासुती यज्ञेयज्ञ उपस्तुता । अथैनोः क्षत्रं न कुतश्चनाधृषे देवत्वं नू चिदाधृषे ॥
pra su jyeṣṭhaṃ nicirābhyām bṛhan namo havyam matim bharatā mṛḻayadbhyāṃ svādiṣṭham mṛḻayadbhyām | tā samrājā ghṛtāsutī yajñe-yajña upastutā | athainoḥ kṣatraṃ na kutaś canādhṛṣe devatvaṃ nū cid ādhṛṣe ||

English translation:

“Offer most excellent and ample adoration, and reverential oblation, to those two deities who have existed from of old; who confer happiness (on their worshippers), and delight in most sweet (libations); for they are both imperial (sovereigns, in whose honour) oblations of butter are poured out (ghṛtamāsūyate ādīyate yābhyām tau tādṛśau; yadvā ghṛtamudakam vṛṣṭilakṣaṇam prasūyate sarvatrānujñāyate yābhyām tau), and who are glorified at every sacrifice, whence their might is not in any way to be opposed; their divinity is not to be resisted.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Imperial sovereigns: tā samrājā; or, sāmrāja = thoroughly shining, samyakrājamānau

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): parucchepo daivodāsiḥ [parucchepa daivodāsi];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): mitrāvaruṇau ;
Chandas (meter): virāḍatyaṣṭiḥ ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

प्र । सु । ज्येष्ठ॑म् । नि॒ऽचि॒राभ्या॑म् । बृ॒हत् । नमः॑ । ह॒व्यम् । म॒तिम् । भ॒र॒त॒ । मृ॒ळ॒यत्ऽभ्या॑म् । स्वादि॑ष्ठम् । मृ॒ळ॒यत्ऽभ्या॑म् । ता । स॒म्ऽराजा॑ । घृ॒तासु॑ती॒ इति॑ घृ॒तऽआ॑सुती । य॒ज्ञेऽय॑ज्ञे । उप॑ऽस्तुता । अथ॑ । ए॒नोः॒ । क्ष॒त्रम् । न । कुतः॑ । च॒न । आ॒ऽधृषे॑ । दे॒व॒ऽत्वम् । नु । चि॒त् । आ॒ऽधृषे॑ ॥
प्र । सु । ज्येष्ठम् । निचिराभ्याम् । बृहत् । नमः । हव्यम् । मतिम् । भरत । मृळयत्भ्याम् । स्वादिष्ठम् । मृळयत्भ्याम् । ता । सम्राजा । घृतासुती इति घृतआसुती । यज्ञेयज्ञे । उपस्तुता । अथ । एनोः । क्षत्रम् । न । कुतः । चन । आधृषे । देवत्वम् । नु । चित् । आधृषे ॥
pra | su | jyeṣṭham | ni-cirābhyām | bṛhat | namaḥ | havyam | matim | bharata | mṛḷayat-bhyām | svādiṣṭham | mṛḷayat-bhyām | tā | sam-rājā | ghṛtāsutī itighṛta-āsutī | yajñe--yajñe | upa-stutā | atha | enoḥ | kṣatram | na | kutaḥ | cana | ādhṛṣe | deva-tvam | nu | cit | ādhṛṣe

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.136.1 English analysis of grammar]

pra

[adverb]

“towards; ahead.”

su

[adverb]

“very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

jyeṣṭhaṃ < jyeṣṭham < jyeṣṭha

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“firstborn; best; first; excellent; highest; jyeṣṭha [word].”

nicirābhyām < nicira

[noun], instrumental, dual, masculine

“attentive; argus-eyed.”

bṛhan < bṛhat

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“large; great; loud; high; much(a); exalted; abundant; intensive; strong; huge.”

namo < namaḥ < namas

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“adoration; court; namas [word]; bow; salute.”

havyam < havya

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“Havya; offering; havya [word].”

matim < mati

[noun], accusative, singular, feminine

“intelligence; decision; mind; hymn; purpose; idea; opinion; belief; desire; wish; conviction; plan; devotion.”

bharatā < bharata < bhṛ

[verb], plural, Present imperative

“bring; hold; fill; support; wear; possess; carry; nourish; keep; hire; have; satiate; follow; bear.”

mṛᄆayadbhyāṃ < mṛḍayadbhyām < mṛḍay < √mṛḍ

[verb noun], dative, dual

“pardon.”

svādiṣṭham < svādiṣṭha

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

mṛᄆayadbhyām < mṛḍayadbhyām < mṛḍay < √mṛḍ

[verb noun], dative, dual

“pardon.”

< tad

[noun], nominative, dual, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

samrājā < samrāj

[noun], nominative, dual, masculine

“sovereign; ruler.”

ghṛtāsutī < ghṛta

[noun], neuter

“ghee; fat.”

ghṛtāsutī < āsutī < āsuti

[noun], nominative, dual, masculine

“āsuti [word].”

yajñe < yajña

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“yajña; religious ceremony; Vishnu; yajña [word]; Yajña; Shiva.”

yajña < yajñe < yajña

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“yajña; religious ceremony; Vishnu; yajña [word]; Yajña; Shiva.”

upastutā < upastu < √stu

[verb noun], nominative, dual

“praise.”

athainoḥ < athā < atha

[adverb]

“now; then; furthermore; now; then.”

athainoḥ < enoḥ < enad

[noun], genitive, plural, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.).”

kṣatraṃ < kṣatram < kṣatra

[noun], nominative, singular, neuter

“Kshatriya; dominion; Kshatriya; kṣatra [word]; power.”

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

kutaś < kutas

[adverb]

“how; whence; why.”

canādhṛṣe < cana

[adverb]

“not even; cana [word].”

canādhṛṣe < ādhṛṣe < ādhṛṣ < √dhṛṣ

[verb noun]

“overcome; suppress.”

devatvaṃ < deva

[noun], masculine

“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

devatvaṃ < tvam < tva

[noun], nominative, singular, neuter

“state; quality; cause; reason.”

< nu

[adverb]

“now; already.”

cid < cit

[adverb]

“even; indeed.”

ādhṛṣe < ādhṛṣ < √dhṛṣ

[verb noun]

“overcome; suppress.”

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