Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.133.6

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अ॒वर्म॒ह इ॑न्द्र दादृ॒हि श्रु॒धी न॑: शु॒शोच॒ हि द्यौः क्षा न भी॒षाँ अ॑द्रिवो घृ॒णान्न भी॒षाँ अ॑द्रिवः । शु॒ष्मिन्त॑मो॒ हि शु॒ष्मिभि॑र्व॒धैरु॒ग्रेभि॒रीय॑से । अपू॑रुषघ्नो अप्रतीत शूर॒ सत्व॑भिस्त्रिस॒प्तैः शू॑र॒ सत्व॑भिः ॥
अवर्मह इन्द्र दादृहि श्रुधी नः शुशोच हि द्यौः क्षा न भीषाँ अद्रिवो घृणान्न भीषाँ अद्रिवः । शुष्मिन्तमो हि शुष्मिभिर्वधैरुग्रेभिरीयसे । अपूरुषघ्नो अप्रतीत शूर सत्वभिस्त्रिसप्तैः शूर सत्वभिः ॥
avar maha indra dādṛhi śrudhī naḥ śuśoca hi dyauḥ kṣā na bhīṣām̐ adrivo ghṛṇān na bhīṣām̐ adrivaḥ | śuṣmintamo hi śuṣmibhir vadhair ugrebhir īyase | apūruṣaghno apratīta śūra satvabhis trisaptaiḥ śūra satvabhiḥ ||

English translation:

“Hurl headlong, Indra, the vast (cloud); hear our supplications; verily the heaven is in sorrow like the earth, through fear, wielder of the thunderbolt, (of famine), as (formerly through fear of) Tvaṣṭā; most powerful withmighty energies, you assail, Indra, (the clouds) with terrible blows; and, doing no injury to man (you march) invincible, hero, by (your) enemies attended, hero, by three or by seven followers.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Of famine = from the absence of rain;

Tvaṣṭā: ghṛṇān-na bhīṣa: ghṛṇā is a name of Tvaṣṭā, or of blazing fire person nified;

Legend: the world being enveloped by thick darkness, the gods prayed to Agni, on which he burst forth suddenly from heaven and earth, in the shape of Tvaṣṭā, to the dismay of both regions: sa cobhe tvaṣṭur bibhyatuḥ; by three or by seven followers: trisaptaiḥ śūrasatvabhiḥ: tribhiḥ saptabhir vā anucaraiḥ. An allusion perhaps to the seven plural tters offered to the Maruts

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): parucchepo daivodāsiḥ [parucchepa daivodāsi];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): virāḍbrāhmījagatī;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अ॒वः । म॒हः । इ॒न्द्र॒ । द॒दृ॒हि । श्रु॒धि । नः॒ । शु॒शोच॑ । हि । द्यौः । क्षाः । न । भी॒षा । अ॒द्रि॒ऽवः॒ । घृ॒णात् । न । भी॒षा । अ॒द्रि॒ऽवः॒ । शु॒ष्मिन्ऽत॑मः । हि । शु॒ष्मिऽभिः॑ । व॒धैः । उ॒ग्रेभिः॑ । ईय॑से । अपु॑रुषऽघ्नः । अ॒प्र॒ति॒ऽइ॒त॒ । शू॒र॒ । सत्व॑ऽभिः । त्रि॒ऽस॒प्तैः । शू॒र॒ । सत्व॑ऽभिः ॥
अवः । महः । इन्द्र । ददृहि । श्रुधि । नः । शुशोच । हि । द्यौः । क्षाः । न । भीषा । अद्रिवः । घृणात् । न । भीषा । अद्रिवः । शुष्मिन्तमः । हि । शुष्मिभिः । वधैः । उग्रेभिः । ईयसे । अपुरुषघ्नः । अप्रतिइत । शूर । सत्वभिः । त्रिसप्तैः । शूर । सत्वभिः ॥
avaḥ | mahaḥ | indra | dadṛhi | śrudhi | naḥ | śuśoca | hi | dyauḥ | kṣāḥ | na | bhīṣā | adri-vaḥ | ghṛṇāt | na | bhīṣā | adri-vaḥ | śuṣmin-tamaḥ | hi | śuṣmi-bhiḥ | vadhaiḥ | ugrebhiḥ | īyase | apuruṣa-ghnaḥ | aprati-ita | śūra | satva-bhiḥ | tri-saptaiḥ | śūra | satva-bhiḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.133.6 English analysis of grammar]

avar < avas

[adverb]

“down.”

maha < mahaḥ < mah

[noun], accusative, plural, masculine

“great; great; distinguished; much(a); adult; long; high.”

indra

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

dādṛhi < dardar < √dṛ

[verb], singular, Present imperative

“cleave.”

śrudhī < śru

[verb], singular, Aorist imperative

“listen; come to know; hear; hear; listen; study; heed; learn.”

naḥ < mad

[noun], accusative, plural

“I; mine.”

śuśoca < śuc

[verb], singular, Perfect indicative

“mourn; grieve; flame; glow; burn; repent.”

hi

[adverb]

“because; indeed; for; therefore; hi [word].”

dyauḥ < div

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

kṣā

[noun], nominative, singular, feminine

“Earth; Earth.”

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

bhīṣāṃ < _ < √_

[?]

“_”

adrivo < adrivas < adrivat

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“rocky; petrous.”

ghṛṇān < ghṛṇāt < ghṛṇa

[noun], ablative, singular, masculine

“sunlight; heat; hotness.”

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

bhīṣāṃ < _ < √_

[?]

“_”

adrivaḥ < adrivas < adrivat

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“rocky; petrous.”

śuṣmintamo < śuṣmintamaḥ < śuṣmintama

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

hi

[adverb]

“because; indeed; for; therefore; hi [word].”

śuṣmibhir < śuṣmibhiḥ < śuṣmin

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

“strong; hotheaded.”

vadhair < vadhaiḥ < vadha

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

“killing; weapon; māraṇa; execution; destruction; vadh-; Vadha; dysfunction; punishment; kick.”

ugrebhir < ugrebhiḥ < ugra

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

“powerful; awful; dangerous; intense; mighty; potent; colicky; atrocious.”

īyase < ī < √i

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“beg; solicit.”

apūruṣaghno < a

[adverb]

“not; akāra; a [taddhita]; a [word]; a; a.”

apūruṣaghno < pūruṣa

[noun], masculine

“man; man; Puruṣa.”

apūruṣaghno < ghnaḥ < ghna

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“curative; removing; killing; destroying; māraka; multiplied.”

apratīta

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“irresistible.”

śūra

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“hero; cock; śūra; Śūra; Vatica robusta; Plumbago zeylanica; warrior; hero; attacker; lentil; wild boar; lion; dog.”

satvabhis < satvabhiḥ < satvan

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

“warrior.”

trisaptaiḥ < trisapta

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

śūra

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“hero; cock; śūra; Śūra; Vatica robusta; Plumbago zeylanica; warrior; hero; attacker; lentil; wild boar; lion; dog.”

satvabhiḥ < satvan

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

“warrior.”

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