Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.133.1

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

उ॒भे पु॑नामि॒ रोद॑सी ऋ॒तेन॒ द्रुहो॑ दहामि॒ सं म॒हीर॑नि॒न्द्राः । अ॒भि॒व्लग्य॒ यत्र॑ ह॒ता अ॒मित्रा॑ वैलस्था॒नं परि॑ तृ॒ळ्हा अशे॑रन् ॥
उभे पुनामि रोदसी ऋतेन द्रुहो दहामि सं महीरनिन्द्राः । अभिव्लग्य यत्र हता अमित्रा वैलस्थानं परि तृळ्हा अशेरन् ॥
ubhe punāmi rodasī ṛtena druho dahāmi sam mahīr anindrāḥ | abhivlagya yatra hatā amitrā vailasthānam pari tṛḻhā aśeran ||

English translation:

“By sacriice I purify both the heaven and the earth; I burn the wide (realms of earth) that are without Indra, and are (the haunts) of the wicked; wherever the enemies have congregated they have been slain; and, utterly destroyed, they sleep in a deep pit.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Vailasthānam aśeran = they have slept; or, they sleep in a plural ce which is of the nature of a vila, a hole, a cavern, a pit; equivalent to smaśāna, a plural ce where dead bodies are burned, or, a plural ce where they are buried (tatra śavāḥ kṣipyante iti vailasthānam śmaśānam);

Alternative: vailasthānam = nāgaloka, the serpent-world; pātāla, the regions below the earth

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): parucchepo daivodāsiḥ [parucchepa daivodāsi];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

उ॒भे । पु॒ना॒मि॒ । रोद॑सी॒ इति॑ । ऋ॒तेन॑ । द्रुहः॑ । द॒हा॒मि॒ । सम् । म॒हीः । अ॒नि॒न्द्राः । अ॒भि॒ऽव्लग्य॑ । यत्र॑ । ह॒ताः । अ॒मित्राः॑ । वै॒ल॒ऽस्था॒नम् । परि॑ । तृ॒ळ्हाः । अशे॑रन् ॥
उभे । पुनामि । रोदसी इति । ऋतेन । द्रुहः । दहामि । सम् । महीः । अनिन्द्राः । अभिव्लग्य । यत्र । हताः । अमित्राः । वैलस्थानम् । परि । तृळ्हाः । अशेरन् ॥
ubhe | punāmi | rodasī iti | ṛtena | druhaḥ | dahāmi | sam | mahīḥ | anindrāḥ | abhi-vlagya | yatra | hatāḥ | amitrāḥ | vaila-sthānam | pari | tṛḷhāḥ | aśeran

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.133.1 English analysis of grammar]

ubhe < ubh

[noun], accusative, dual, neuter

“both(a).”

punāmi <

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

rodasī < rodas

[noun], accusative, dual, neuter

“heaven and earth; Earth.”

ṛtena < ṛta

[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter

“truth; order; fixed order; ṛta [word]; law; custom; custom.”

druho < druhaḥ < druh

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“deception; druh; misrepresentation; fraudulence; offense; injury.”

dahāmi < dah

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“burn; cauterize; heat; burn; burn; burn; roast; blaze; burn; distress; destroy.”

sam

[adverb]

“sam; together; together; saṃ.”

mahīr < mahīḥ < mahi

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“great; firm.”

anindrāḥ < an

[adverb]

“not.”

anindrāḥ < indrāḥ < indra

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

abhivlagya < abhivlag < √vlag

[verb noun]

yatra

[adverb]

“wherein; once [when].”

hatā < hatāḥ < han

[verb noun], nominative, plural

“kill; cure; māray; remove; destroy; hit; injure; damage; destroy; paralyze; hurt; forge; beat; cut off; stop; overwhelm; kick; hunt; affect; strike; hammer; love; obstruct; shoot.”

amitrā < amitrāḥ < amitra

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“enemy; foe.”

vailasthānam < vailasthāna

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

pari

[adverb]

“from; about; around.”

tṛᄆhā < tṛᄆhāḥ < tṛh

[verb noun], nominative, plural

aśeran < śī

[verb], plural, Imperfect

“lie; sleep.”

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