Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.131.4
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
वि॒दुष्टे॑ अ॒स्य वी॒र्य॑स्य पू॒रव॒: पुरो॒ यदि॑न्द्र॒ शार॑दीर॒वाति॑रः सासहा॒नो अ॒वाति॑रः । शास॒स्तमि॑न्द्र॒ मर्त्य॒मय॑ज्युं शवसस्पते । म॒हीम॑मुष्णाः पृथि॒वीमि॒मा अ॒पो म॑न्दसा॒न इ॒मा अ॒पः ॥
विदुष्टे अस्य वीर्यस्य पूरवः पुरो यदिन्द्र शारदीरवातिरः सासहानो अवातिरः । शासस्तमिन्द्र मर्त्यमयज्युं शवसस्पते । महीममुष्णाः पृथिवीमिमा अपो मन्दसान इमा अपः ॥
viduṣ ṭe asya vīryasya pūravaḥ puro yad indra śāradīr avātiraḥ sāsahāno avātiraḥ | śāsas tam indra martyam ayajyuṃ śavasas pate | mahīm amuṣṇāḥ pṛthivīm imā apo mandasāna imā apaḥ ||
English translation:
“The ancients have have known of that your prowess, by which, Indra, you destroy the perennial cities (of the asuras); you have destroyed them, humiliating (their defenders). You have chastised, Lord of Strength, the mortal who offers not sacrifice; you have rescued this spacious earth and these waters; exulting, (you have recovered) these waters.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Puraḥ śāradīḥ, defended, for a year by walls, ditches and the like: saṃvatsara paryantam prākāra-parikhādibhir dṛḍhīkṛtāḥ
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): parucchepo daivodāsiḥ [parucchepa daivodāsi];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): virāḍatyaṣṭiḥ ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
वि॒दुः । ते॒ । अ॒स्य । वी॒र्य॑स्य । पू॒रवः॑ । पुरः॑ । यत् । इ॒न्द्र॒ । शार॑दीः । अ॒व॒ऽअति॑रः । स॒स॒हा॒नः । अ॒व॒ऽअति॑रः । शासः॑ । तम् । इ॒न्द्र॒ । मर्त्य॑म् । अय॑ज्युम् । श॒व॒सः॒ । प॒ते॒ । म॒हीम् । अ॒मु॒ष्णाः॒ । पृ॒थि॒वीम् । इ॒माः । अ॒पः । म॒न्द॒सा॒नः । इ॒माः । अ॒पः ॥
विदुः । ते । अस्य । वीर्यस्य । पूरवः । पुरः । यत् । इन्द्र । शारदीः । अवअतिरः । ससहानः । अवअतिरः । शासः । तम् । इन्द्र । मर्त्यम् । अयज्युम् । शवसः । पते । महीम् । अमुष्णाः । पृथिवीम् । इमाः । अपः । मन्दसानः । इमाः । अपः ॥
viduḥ | te | asya | vīryasya | pūravaḥ | puraḥ | yat | indra | śāradīḥ | ava-at iraḥ | sasahānaḥ | ava-atiraḥ | śāsaḥ | tam | indra | martyam | ayajyum | śavasaḥ | pate | mahīm | amuṣṇāḥ | pṛthivīm | imāḥ | apaḥ | mandasānaḥ | imāḥ | apaḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.131.4 English analysis of grammar]
[verb], plural, Perfect indicative
“know; diagnose; perceive; know; accord; notice; deem; mind; learn; specify; watch; recognize; detect; call.”
[noun], genitive, singular
“you.”
[noun], genitive, singular, neuter
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
[noun], genitive, singular, neuter
“potency; vīrya; heroism; potency; strength; semen; power; deed; active agent; efficacy; vīryapāramitā; gold; vigor; vīrya [word]; virility; manfulness; jewel; force.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“Pūru; Pūru.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“fortress; pur [word]; town; purā [indecl.]; mahant.”
[adverb]
“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“autumnal; śārada [word]; autumn(a).”
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“descend; be born; incarnate; come out; alight; overcome.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“endure; overcome; habituate.”
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“descend; be born; incarnate; come out; alight; overcome.”
[verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj.
“teach; govern; command; order; control; tell; recommend; chastize; instruct.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“mortal.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“irreligious.”
[noun], genitive, singular, neuter
“strength; power; superiority.”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“husband; overlord; king; deity; īśvara; ruler; pati [word]; commanding officer; leader; owner; mayor; lord.”
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine
“great; great; distinguished; much(a); adult; long; high.”
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“rob; remove; steal.”
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine
“Earth; pṛthivī; floor; Earth; earth; pṛthivī [word]; land.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“rejoice; exhilarate.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”