Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.129.10

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

त्वं न॑ इन्द्र रा॒या तरू॑षसो॒ग्रं चि॑त्त्वा महि॒मा स॑क्ष॒दव॑से म॒हे मि॒त्रं नाव॑से । ओजि॑ष्ठ॒ त्रात॒रवि॑ता॒ रथं॒ कं चि॑दमर्त्य । अ॒न्यम॒स्मद्रि॑रिषे॒: कं चि॑दद्रिवो॒ रिरि॑क्षन्तं चिदद्रिवः ॥
त्वं न इन्द्र राया तरूषसोग्रं चित्त्वा महिमा सक्षदवसे महे मित्रं नावसे । ओजिष्ठ त्रातरविता रथं कं चिदमर्त्य । अन्यमस्मद्रिरिषेः कं चिदद्रिवो रिरिक्षन्तं चिदद्रिवः ॥
tvaṃ na indra rāyā tarūṣasograṃ cit tvā mahimā sakṣad avase mahe mitraṃ nāvase | ojiṣṭha trātar avitā rathaṃ kaṃ cid amartya | anyam asmad ririṣeḥ kaṃ cid adrivo ririkṣantaṃ cid adrivaḥ ||

English translation:

“Do you, Indra, (sustain us) with wealth that transports (man beyond calamity); for, (enhanced) greatness accrues to you, however mighty, (from our thanks) for (your) protection, as it does to Mitra for his powerful protection, most potent and immortal (Indra), our defender and preserver, (ascend) some chariot, (and come hither); devourer (of foes), repel any one assailing us; any one assailing us, devourer (of foes).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Tvā mahimā sakṣad avase mahe mitram na avase = lit. greatness is present to you for protection as to mitra for great protection; or, mitra may be rendered 'friend', as praises animate a friend with great attachment, tam sakhyam yathā mahatyai prītaye saṃbhajante. Adrivs, voc. of adrivat = wielder of the thunderbolt (adri); but, ad = eat; i.e. adrivat = śatrūṇām atiśayena bhakṣaka = the eater in excess of enemies (Nirukta iv.4). iśaḥ parivṛtaḥ: allusion to the rains shut up in the clouds; and the second reference, to the seeds shut up in the earth germinating on the fall of the rain, and affording, in either case, 'food', iśaḥ

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): parucchepo daivodāsiḥ [parucchepa daivodāsi];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): nicṛdaṣṭiḥ ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

त्वम् । नः॒ । इ॒न्द्र॒ । रा॒या । तरू॑षसा । उ॒ग्रम् । चि॒त् । त्वा॒ । म॒हि॒मा । स॒क्ष॒त् । अव॑से । म॒हे । मि॒त्रम् । न । अव॑से । ओजि॑ष्ठ । त्रातः॑ । अवि॑त्त॒रिति॑ । रथ॑म् । कम् । चि॒त् । अ॒म॒र्त्य॒ । अ॒न्यम् । अ॒स्मत् । रि॒रि॒षेः॒ । कम् । चि॒त् । अ॒द्रि॒ऽवः॒ । रिरि॑क्षन्तम् । चि॒त् । अ॒द्रि॒ऽवः॒ ॥
त्वम् । नः । इन्द्र । राया । तरूषसा । उग्रम् । चित् । त्वा । महिमा । सक्षत् । अवसे । महे । मित्रम् । न । अवसे । ओजिष्ठ । त्रातः । अवित्तरिति । रथम् । कम् । चित् । अमर्त्य । अन्यम् । अस्मत् । रिरिषेः । कम् । चित् । अद्रिवः । रिरिक्षन्तम् । चित् । अद्रिवः ॥
tvam | naḥ | indra | rāyā | tarūṣasā | ugram | cit | tvā | mahimā | sakṣat | avase | mahe | mitram | na | avase | ojiṣṭha | trātaḥ | avittariti | ratham | kam | cit | amatyar | anyam | asmat | ririṣeḥ | kam | cit | adri-vaḥ | ririkṣantam | cit | adri-vaḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.129.10 English analysis of grammar]

tvaṃ < tvam < tvad

[noun], nominative, singular

“you.”

na < naḥ < mad

[noun], accusative, plural

“I; mine.”

indra

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

rāyā < rai

[noun], instrumental, singular, masculine

“wealth; possession; rai [word]; gold.”

tarūṣasograṃ < tarūṣasā < tarūṣas

[noun], instrumental, singular, masculine

tarūṣasograṃ < ugram < ugra

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“powerful; awful; dangerous; intense; mighty; potent; colicky; atrocious.”

cit

[adverb]

“even; indeed.”

tvā < tvad

[noun], accusative, singular

“you.”

mahimā < mahiman

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“greatness; power; mahiman.”

sakṣad < sakṣat < sac

[verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj.

“accompany; follow; company; obey; participate; enter.”

avase < av

[verb noun]

“support; help; prefer; prefer; like.”

mahe < mah

[noun], dative, singular, neuter

“great; great; distinguished; much(a); adult; long; high.”

mitraṃ < mitram < mitra

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“friend; Mitra; mitra [word]; sun; ally.”

nāvase < na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

nāvase < avase < av

[verb noun]

“support; help; prefer; prefer; like.”

ojiṣṭha

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“powerful.”

trātar < trātṛ

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“defender; savior.”

avitā < av

[verb], singular, periphrast. future

“support; help; prefer; prefer; like.”

rathaṃ < ratham < ratha

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

kaṃ < kam < ka

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“what; who; ka [pronoun].”

cid < cit

[adverb]

“even; indeed.”

amartya

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“immortal.”

anyam < anya

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“other; another(a); remaining; different; anya [word]; other than; more(a); fresh; any(a).”

asmad < asmat < mad

[noun], ablative, plural

“I; mine.”

ririṣeḥ < riṣ

[verb], singular, Aorist optative

“suffer; harm.”

kaṃ < kam < ka

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“what; who; ka [pronoun].”

cid < cit

[adverb]

“even; indeed.”

adrivo < adrivas < adrivat

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“rocky; petrous.”

ririkṣantaṃ < _ < √_

[?]

“_”

cid < cit

[adverb]

“even; indeed.”

adrivaḥ < adrivas < adrivat

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“rocky; petrous.”

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