Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.122.9

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

जनो॒ यो मि॑त्रावरुणावभि॒ध्रुग॒पो न वां॑ सु॒नोत्य॑क्ष्णया॒ध्रुक् । स्व॒यं स यक्ष्मं॒ हृद॑ये॒ नि ध॑त्त॒ आप॒ यदीं॒ होत्रा॑भिॠ॒तावा॑ ॥
जनो यो मित्रावरुणावभिध्रुगपो न वां सुनोत्यक्ष्णयाध्रुक् । स्वयं स यक्ष्मं हृदये नि धत्त आप यदीं होत्राभिॠतावा ॥
jano yo mitrāvaruṇāv abhidhrug apo na vāṃ sunoty akṣṇayādhruk | svayaṃ sa yakṣmaṃ hṛdaye ni dhatta āpa yad īṃ hotrābhir ṛtāvā ||

English translation:

“The mman who does you wrong, Mitra and Varuṇa, who injures you in any way, who does not present you with oblations, contracts for himself sickness in his heart; but he who, performing worship, (celebrates it) with praises.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Akṣṇayā dhruk: cakreṇa, mārgeṇa druhyati, offends by a wheel, or a way; this is the equivalent of anyathā prakareṇa, in another manner; yakṣmam hṛdaye nidhatte:he plural ces or deposits consumption in the heart; but yakṣma = vyādhi, sickness in genitive ral; a reference, perhaps, to the sense of mortification experienced by those who neglect the gods on observing the blessings which recompense devotion.

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): kakṣīvān;
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): viśvedevā:;
Chandas (meter): virāṭtrisṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

जनः॑ । यः । मि॒त्रा॒व॒रु॒णौ॒ । अ॒भि॒ऽध्रुक् । अ॒पः । न । वा॒म् । सु॒नोति॑ । अ॒क्ष्ण॒या॒ऽध्रुक् । स्व॒यम् । सः । यक्ष्म॑म् । हृद॑ये । नि । ध॒त्त॒ । आप॑ । यत् । ई॒म् । होत्रा॑भिः । ऋ॒तऽवा॑ ॥
जनः । यः । मित्रावरुणौ । अभिध्रुक् । अपः । न । वाम् । सुनोति । अक्ष्णयाध्रुक् । स्वयम् । सः । यक्ष्मम् । हृदये । नि । धत्त । आप । यत् । ईम् । होत्राभिः । ऋतवा ॥
janaḥ | yaḥ | mitrāvaruṇau | abhi-dhruk | apaḥ | na | vām | sunoti | akṣṇayādhruk | svayam | saḥ | yakṣmam | hṛdaye | ni | dhatta | āpa | yat | īm | hotrābhiḥ | ṛta-vā

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.122.9 English analysis of grammar]

jano < janaḥ < jana

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“people; national; man; relative; jan; Janaloka; person; jana [word]; man; attendant; Jana; foreigner; inhabitant; group.”

yo < yaḥ < yad

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

mitrāvaruṇāv < mitrāvaruṇau < mitrāvaruṇa

[noun], vocative, dual, masculine

“Varuna; Mitra.”

abhidhrug < abhidruh

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“despicable.”

apo < apaḥ < ap

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

vāṃ < vām < tvad

[noun], dative, dual

“you.”

sunoty < sunoti < su

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“press out; su.”

akṣṇayādhruk < akṣṇayā

[adverb]

akṣṇayādhruk < adruh

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“friendly; benign.”

svayaṃ < svayam

[adverb]

“personally; spontaneously; svayam [word]; voluntarily.”

sa < tad

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

yakṣmaṃ < yakṣmam < yakṣma

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“tuberculosis; disease; pulmonary tuberculosis.”

hṛdaye < hṛdaya

[noun], locative, singular, neuter

“heart; heart; mind; hṛdaya [word]; science; thorax; Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayasaṃhitā; soul.”

ni

[adverb]

“back; down.”

dhatta < dhatte < dhā

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

āpa < āp

[verb], singular, Perfect indicative

“enter (a state); get; reach; obtain; equal.”

yad < yat

[adverb]

“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

īṃ < īm < īṃ

[adverb]

hotrābhir < hotrābhiḥ < hotrā

[noun], instrumental, plural, feminine

“hotrā [word]; Hautra.”

ṛtāvā < ṛtāvan

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“law-abiding; faithful; righteous.”

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