Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.121.12
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
त्वमि॑न्द्र॒ नर्यो॒ याँ अवो॒ नॄन्तिष्ठा॒ वात॑स्य सु॒युजो॒ वहि॑ष्ठान् । यं ते॑ का॒व्य उ॒शना॑ म॒न्दिनं॒ दाद्वृ॑त्र॒हणं॒ पार्यं॑ ततक्ष॒ वज्र॑म् ॥
त्वमिन्द्र नर्यो याँ अवो नॄन्तिष्ठा वातस्य सुयुजो वहिष्ठान् । यं ते काव्य उशना मन्दिनं दाद्वृत्रहणं पार्यं ततक्ष वज्रम् ॥
tvam indra naryo yām̐ avo nṝn tiṣṭhā vātasya suyujo vahiṣṭhān | yaṃ te kāvya uśanā mandinaṃ dād vṛtrahaṇam pāryaṃ tatakṣa vajram ||
English translation:
“Indra, friend of man, mount the horses whom you cherish, who are fleet as the wind, are easily yoked, and who bear (theri burden) well; you have sharpened the foe-destroying thunderbolt, the slayer of Vṛtra, which inspiring (weapon) Uśanas, the son of Kavi, gave you.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Which inspiring weapon: The weapon was the gift of Ṛbhu;and is also attributed to Uśanas
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): auśijo dairghatamasaḥ kakṣīvān [auśija dairghatamasa kakṣīvān];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): viśve devā indraśca;
Chandas (meter): virāṭtrisṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
त्वम् । इ॒न्द्र॒ । नर्यः॑ । यान् । अवः॑ । नॄन् । तिष्ठ॑ । वात॑स्य । सु॒ऽयुतः॑ । वहि॑ष्ठान् । यम् । ते॒ । का॒व्यः । उ॒शना॑ । म॒न्दिन॑म् । दात् । वृ॒त्र॒ऽहन॑म् । पार्य॑म् । त॒त॒क्ष॒ । वज्र॑म् ॥
त्वम् । इन्द्र । नर्यः । यान् । अवः । नॄन् । तिष्ठ । वातस्य । सुयुतः । वहिष्ठान् । यम् । ते । काव्यः । उशना । मन्दिनम् । दात् । वृत्रहनम् । पार्यम् । ततक्ष । वज्रम् ॥
tvam | indra | naryaḥ | yān | avaḥ | nṝn | tiṣṭha | vātasya | su-yutaḥ | vahiṣṭhān | yam | te | kāvyaḥ | uśanā | mandinam | dāt | vṛtra-hanam | pāryam | tatakṣa | vajram
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.121.12 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular
“you.”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“manly; heroic; powerful; male; human.”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
“who; which; yat [pronoun].”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“aid; favor; protection.”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
“man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”
[verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
“stay; stand; situate; exist; [in]; resist; endure; put; soak; be; stop; adhere; get stale; concentrate; grow; trust; wake; consociate; last; dwell; lie; stand; stop.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“vāta; wind; fart; Vayu; air; draft; vāta [word]; Vāta; rheumatism; Marut.”
[adverb]
“very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
“ally; friend; pair; two; companion.”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“who; which; yat [pronoun].”
[noun], dative, singular
“you.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Uśanas; poem; Kāvya; wisdom.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Uśanas; Uśanas; uśanas [word]; Uśanas; Venus.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“intoxicant; exhilarating.”
[verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj.
“give; add; perform; put; administer; fill into; give; ignite; put on; offer; use; fuel; pour; grant; feed; teach; construct; insert; drip; wrap; pay; hand over; lend; inflict; concentrate; sacrifice; splint; poultice; create.”
[noun], masculine
“Vṛtra; vṛtra [word].”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“killing; curative; destroying; removing; māraka; stabbing.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“critical; decisive.”
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“produce; shape; fashion; chisel; invent.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“vajra; Vajra; vajra; vajra; lightning; abhra; vajramūṣā; diamond; vajra [word]; vajrakapāṭa; vajra; vaikrānta.”