Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.121.3

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

नक्ष॒द्धव॑मरु॒णीः पू॒र्व्यं राट् तु॒रो वि॒शामङ्गि॑रसा॒मनु॒ द्यून् । तक्ष॒द्वज्रं॒ नियु॑तं त॒स्तम्भ॒द्द्यां चतु॑ष्पदे॒ नर्या॑य द्वि॒पादे॑ ॥
नक्षद्धवमरुणीः पूर्व्यं राट् तुरो विशामङ्गिरसामनु द्यून् । तक्षद्वज्रं नियुतं तस्तम्भद्द्यां चतुष्पदे नर्याय द्विपादे ॥
nakṣad dhavam aruṇīḥ pūrvyaṃ rāṭ turo viśām aṅgirasām anu dyūn | takṣad vajraṃ niyutaṃ tastambhad dyāṃ catuṣpade naryāya dvipāde ||

English translation:

“May he, illuminating the purple (dawn), listen to the invocation (addressed to him) of old, daily besowing wealth upon the race of Aṅgiras; he has sharpened his fatal shaft; he has supported the heaven for the good of men, of quadrupeds, andbipeds.”

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): auśijo dairghatamasaḥ kakṣīvān [auśija dairghatamasa kakṣīvān];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): viśve devā indraśca;
Chandas (meter): virāṭtrisṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

नक्ष॑त् । हव॑म् । अ॒रु॒णीः । पू॒र्व्यम् । राट् । तु॒रः । वि॒शाम् । अङ्गि॑रसाम् । अनु॑ । द्यून् । तक्ष॑त् । वज्र॑म् । निऽयु॑तम् । त॒स्तम्भ॑त् । द्याम् । चतुः॑ऽपदे । नर्या॑य । द्वि॒ऽपादे॑ ॥
नक्षत् । हवम् । अरुणीः । पूर्व्यम् । राट् । तुरः । विशाम् । अङ्गिरसाम् । अनु । द्यून् । तक्षत् । वज्रम् । नियुतम् । तस्तम्भत् । द्याम् । चतुःपदे । नर्याय । द्विपादे ॥
nakṣat | havam | aruṇīḥ | pūrvyam | rāṭ | turaḥ | viśām | aṅgirasām | anu | dyūn | takṣat | vajram | ni-yutam | tastambhat | dyām | catuḥ-pade | naryāya | dvi-pāde

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.121.3 English analysis of grammar]

nakṣaddhavam < nakṣat < nakṣ

[verb], singular, Present injunctive

“reach; approach.”

nakṣaddhavam < havam < hava

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“invocation.”

aruṇīḥ < aruṇī

[noun], nominative, singular, feminine

“dawn.”

pūrvyaṃ < pūrvyam < pūrvya

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“first; precedent; age-old; excellent; former(a).”

rāṭ < rāj

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“king; best; rāj; rāj [word].”

turo < turaḥ < tura

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“powerful; noble; noble.”

viśām < viś

[noun], genitive, plural, feminine

“people; tribe; Vaisya; national; viś; real property; Vaisya.”

aṅgirasām < aṅgiras

[noun], genitive, plural, masculine

“Aṅgiras; Aṅgiras; Brahman; Atharva-Veda; aṅgiras [word]; Aṅgiras.”

anu

[adverb]

“subsequently; behind; along; towards; because.”

dyūn < div

[noun], accusative, plural, masculine

“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

takṣad < takṣat < takṣ

[verb], singular, Present injunctive

“produce; shape; fashion; chisel; invent.”

vajraṃ < vajram < vajra

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“vajra; Vajra; vajra; vajra; lightning; abhra; vajramūṣā; diamond; vajra [word]; vajrakapāṭa; vajra; vaikrānta.”

niyutaṃ < niyutam < niyu < √yu

[verb noun], accusative, singular

“harness.”

tastambhad < tastambhat < stambh

[verb], singular, Plusquamperfect

“paralyze; stiffen; fixate; fixate; stambh; rear; stop; strengthen; constipate.”

dyāṃ < dyām < div

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

catuṣpade < catuṣpada

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“quadrupedal.”

naryāya < narya

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“manly; heroic; powerful; male; human.”

dvipāde < dvipād

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“biped; Vishnu.”

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