Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.116.18
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
यदया॑तं॒ दिवो॑दासाय व॒र्तिर्भ॒रद्वा॑जायाश्विना॒ हय॑न्ता । रे॒वदु॑वाह सच॒नो रथो॑ वां वृष॒भश्च॑ शिंशु॒मार॑श्च यु॒क्ता ॥
यदयातं दिवोदासाय वर्तिर्भरद्वाजायाश्विना हयन्ता । रेवदुवाह सचनो रथो वां वृषभश्च शिंशुमारश्च युक्ता ॥
yad ayātaṃ divodāsāya vartir bharadvājāyāśvinā hayantā | revad uvāha sacano ratho vāṃ vṛṣabhaś ca śiṃśumāraś ca yuktā ||
English translation:
“When, Aśvins, being invited, you went to his dwelling (to give due rewards) to Divodāsa, offering oblations, then your helping chariot conveyed (food and) treasure, and the bull and the porpoise were yoked together.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
The bull and the porpoise: the Vṛṣabha and Śiṃśumāra. The latter is a graha, which is properly an alligator; but the śiṃśumāra is a gangetic porpoise; they were yoked to the car of the Aśvins, to display their power
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): kakṣīvān;Devatā (deity/subject-matter): aśvinau ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
यत् । अया॑तम् । दिवः॑ऽदासाय । व॒र्तिः । भ॒रत्ऽवा॑जाय । अ॒श्वि॒ना॒ । हय॑न्ता । रे॒वत् । उ॒वा॒ह॒ । स॒च॒नः । रथः॑ । वा॒म् । वृ॒ष॒भः । च॒ । शिं॒शु॒मारः॑ । च॒ । यु॒क्ता ॥
यत् । अयातम् । दिवःदासाय । वर्तिः । भरत्वाजाय । अश्विना । हयन्ता । रेवत् । उवाह । सचनः । रथः । वाम् । वृषभः । च । शिंशुमारः । च । युक्ता ॥
yat | ayātam | divaḥ-dāsāya | vartiḥ | bharat-vājāya | aśvinā | hayantā | revat | uvāha | sacanaḥ | rathaḥ | vām | vṛṣabhaḥ | ca | śiṃśumāraḥ | ca | yuktā
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.116.18 English analysis of grammar]
[adverb]
“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”
[verb], dual, Root aorist (Ind.)
“go; enter (a state); travel; disappear; reach; come; campaign; elapse; arrive; drive; reach; leave; run; depart; ride.”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“Divodāsa.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“tour.”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“Bharadvāja; Droṇa; Bharadvāja; skylark.”
[noun], nominative, dual, masculine
“Asvins; two.”
[?]
“_”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“abundant; rich; affluent; brilliant; brilliant.”
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“transport; bring; marry; run; drive; vāhay; drive; run; pull; nirvāpay; blow; transport; discharge; assume; remove.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”
[noun], genitive, dual
“you.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“bull; Vṛṣabha; Vṛṣabha; best.”
[adverb]
“and; besides; then; now; even.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
[adverb]
“and; besides; then; now; even.”
[verb noun], nominative, plural
“mix; use; endow; yoke; accompany; to practice Yoga; connect; hire; administer; compound; affect; add; concentrate; unite; join; prosecute; combine; supply; compound; attach to; appoint; fill; process; mobilize; mount; complement; eat; join; treat; coincide; affect; challenge.”