Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.116.2

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

वी॒ळु॒पत्म॑भिराशु॒हेम॑भिर्वा दे॒वानां॑ वा जू॒तिभि॒: शाश॑दाना । तद्रास॑भो नासत्या स॒हस्र॑मा॒जा य॒मस्य॑ प्र॒धने॑ जिगाय ॥
वीळुपत्मभिराशुहेमभिर्वा देवानां वा जूतिभिः शाशदाना । तद्रासभो नासत्या सहस्रमाजा यमस्य प्रधने जिगाय ॥
vīḻupatmabhir āśuhemabhir vā devānāṃ vā jūtibhiḥ śāśadānā | tad rāsabho nāsatyā sahasram ājā yamasya pradhane jigāya ||

English translation:

Nāsatyas,borne by strong and rapid (steeds), and (urged) by the encouragements of the gods, the ass of you, thus instrumental gated, overcame a thousand (enemies) in conflict, in the war grateful to Yama.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

The ass: An ass (rāsabha) given by Prajāpati. The chariot of the Aśvins is drawn by two asses (rāsabhavaśvinoḥ) (Nighaṇṭu 1.14); or, it may mean, 'one going swiftly', and the rest of the passage, 'obtained precedence for the Aśvins over other gods in the oblation, through his mastering the stanzas declared by Prajāpati'

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): kakṣīvān;
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): aśvinau ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

वी॒ळु॒पत्म॑ऽभिः । आ॒शु॒हेम॑ऽभिः । वा॒ । दे॒वाना॑म् । वा॒ । जू॒तिऽभिः॑ । शाश॑दाना । तत् । रास॑भः । ना॒स॒त्या॒ । स॒हस्र॑म् । आ॒जा । य॒मस्य॑ । प्र॒ऽधने॑ । जि॒गा॒य॒ ॥
वीळुपत्मभिः । आशुहेमभिः । वा । देवानाम् । वा । जूतिभिः । शाशदाना । तत् । रासभः । नासत्या । सहस्रम् । आजा । यमस्य । प्रधने । जिगाय ॥
vīḷupatma-bhiḥ | āśuhema-bhiḥ | vā | devānām | vā | jūti-bhiḥ | śāśadānā | tat | rāsabhaḥ | nāsatyā | sahasram | ājā | yamasya | pra-dhane | jigāya

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.116.2 English analysis of grammar]

vīᄆupatmabhir < vīᄆu < vīḍu

[noun]

“hard; firm.”

vīᄆupatmabhir < patmabhiḥ < patman

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

“flight.”

āśuhemabhir < āśu

[noun]

“quick; fast; immediate; agile.”

āśuhemabhir < hemabhiḥ < heman

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

“momentum.”

[adverb]

“or; optionally; either.”

devānāṃ < devānām < deva

[noun], genitive, plural, masculine

“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

[adverb]

“or; optionally; either.”

jūtibhiḥ < jūti

[noun], instrumental, plural, feminine

“jūti [word].”

śāśadānā < śad

[verb noun], nominative, dual

“prevail.”

tad < tat < tad

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

rāsabho < rāsabhaḥ < rāsabha

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“ass; domestic ass.”

nāsatyā < nāsatya

[noun], vocative, dual, masculine

“Asvins; nāsatya [word].”

sahasram < sahasra

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“thousand; one-thousandth; sahasra [word].”

ājā < āji

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“battle; fight; contest; āji [word]; combat.”

yamasya < yama

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“Yama; yama; twin; yam; Yama; two; bridle; yama [word]; Asvins.”

pradhane < pradhana

[noun], locative, singular, neuter

jigāya < ji

[verb], singular, Perfect indicative

“overcome; cure; win; conquer; control; win; succeed; remove; beat; govern; surpass; suppress.”

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