Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.114.1

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

इ॒मा रु॒द्राय॑ त॒वसे॑ कप॒र्दिने॑ क्ष॒यद्वी॑राय॒ प्र भ॑रामहे म॒तीः । यथा॒ शमस॑द्द्वि॒पदे॒ चतु॑ष्पदे॒ विश्वं॑ पु॒ष्टं ग्रामे॑ अ॒स्मिन्न॑नातु॒रम् ॥
इमा रुद्राय तवसे कपर्दिने क्षयद्वीराय प्र भरामहे मतीः । यथा शमसद्द्विपदे चतुष्पदे विश्वं पुष्टं ग्रामे अस्मिन्ननातुरम् ॥
imā rudrāya tavase kapardine kṣayadvīrāya pra bharāmahe matīḥ | yathā śam asad dvipade catuṣpade viśvam puṣṭaṃ grāme asminn anāturam ||

English translation:

“We offer these praises to the mighty Rudra, with the braided hair, the destroyer of heroes, in order that health may be enjoyed by bipeds and quadrupeds, and that all being sin this villag may be (well) nourished and exempt from disease.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Rudra; he cause sall to weep (rodayati) at the end of the world; or rut, signifying pain, pain of living, which Rudra drives away (dravayati); or, rut, may mean 'word or text or the upaniṣads of the vedas' by which he is approached or propitiated (druyate); or, rut, may mean 'holyor divine speech or wisdom' which he confers (rāti) upon his worshippers; or, rut, may mean 'darkness' that which invests of obstructs (runaddhi) all things and which Rudra dissipates (vṛnāti); or, while the gods were engaged in battle with the asuras, Rudra, identified with Agni, came and stole their treasure; after conquering the enemy, the gods searched for the stolen wealth, and recovered it from the thief, who wept (arudat), and Agni was thence called Rudra (Taittirīya Saṃhitā 1.5.1.1). With braided hair: kapardine, from kaparda, jaṭā of Śiva; hence, = jaṭilaya. Śiva is recognized as Rudra; Destroyer of heroes: kśyad vīrāya, in whom heroes (vīra) perish (vinaśyanti); or,of whom the imperial (kṣayantaḥ prāptaiśvaryaḥ) heroed (that is, the Maruts) are the sons

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): kutsaḥ āṅgirasaḥ [kutsa āṅgirasa];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): rudraḥ ;
Chandas (meter): jagatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

इ॒माः । रु॒द्राय॑ । त॒वसे॑ । क॒प॒र्दिने॑ । क्ष॒यत्ऽवी॑राय । प्र । भ॒रा॒म॒हे॒ । म॒तीः । यथा॑ । शम् । अस॑त् । द्वि॒ऽपदे॑ । चतुः॑ऽपदे॑ । विश्व॑म् । पु॒ष्टम् । ग्रामे॑ । अ॒स्मिन् । अ॒ना॒तु॒रम् ॥
इमाः । रुद्राय । तवसे । कपर्दिने । क्षयत्वीराय । प्र । भरामहे । मतीः । यथा । शम् । असत् । द्विपदे । चतुःपदे । विश्वम् । पुष्टम् । ग्रामे । अस्मिन् । अनातुरम् ॥
imāḥ | rudrāya | tavase | kapardine | kṣayat-vīrāya | pra | bharāmahe | matīḥ | yathā | śam | asat | dvi-pade | catuḥ-pade | viśvam | puṣṭam | grāme | asmin | anāturam

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.114.1 English analysis of grammar]

imā < imāḥ < idam

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

rudrāya < rudra

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“Shiva; Rudra; eleven; rudra [word]; eleventh.”

tavase < tavas

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“strong; energetic.”

kapardine < kapardin

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

kṣayadvīrāya < kṣayadvīra

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“Shiva.”

pra

[adverb]

“towards; ahead.”

bharāmahe < bhṛ

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“bring; hold; fill; support; wear; possess; carry; nourish; keep; hire; have; satiate; follow; bear.”

matīḥ < mati

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“intelligence; decision; mind; hymn; purpose; idea; opinion; belief; desire; wish; conviction; plan; devotion.”

yathā

[adverb]

“equally; as; so that; like; how; yathā [word]; that; wherein.”

śam

[adverb]

“śam [word].”

asad < asat < as

[verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)

“be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

dvipade < dvipad

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“biped.”

catuṣpade < catuṣpada

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“quadrupedal.”

viśvam < viśva

[noun], nominative, singular, neuter

“all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

puṣṭaṃ < puṣṭam < puṣ

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“boom; grow; promote; foster.”

grāme < grāma

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“village; grāma [word]; group; battalion; club; Hindu gamut; troop; multitude; crowd; kin; collection; people.”

asminn < asmin < idam

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

anāturam < anātura

[noun], nominative, singular, neuter

“well.”

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