Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.113.1
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
इ॒दं श्रेष्ठं॒ ज्योति॑षां॒ ज्योति॒रागा॑च्चि॒त्रः प्र॑के॒तो अ॑जनिष्ट॒ विभ्वा॑ । यथा॒ प्रसू॑ता सवि॒तुः स॒वायँ॑ ए॒वा रात्र्यु॒षसे॒ योनि॑मारैक् ॥
इदं श्रेष्ठं ज्योतिषां ज्योतिरागाच्चित्रः प्रकेतो अजनिष्ट विभ्वा । यथा प्रसूता सवितुः सवायँ एवा रात्र्युषसे योनिमारैक् ॥
idaṃ śreṣṭhaṃ jyotiṣāṃ jyotir āgāc citraḥ praketo ajaniṣṭa vibhvā | yathā prasūtā savituḥ savāyam̐ evā rātry uṣase yonim āraik ||
English translation:
“This most excellent luminary of all luminaries has arrived; the wonderful and diffusive manifester (of all things) has been born; in like manner as night is the offspring of the sun, so she becomes the birth-plural ce of the dawn.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
In like manner as the night: When the sun sets, the night comes on; or, it is genitive rated by the setting of the sun, and may, figuratively be termed offspring of the sun; as the precursor, the night is termed the parent, or womb of the dawn
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): kutsaḥ āṅgirasaḥ [kutsa āṅgirasa];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): uṣāḥ dvitīyasyārddharcasya rātrirapi ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
इ॒दम् । श्रेष्ठ॑म् । ज्योति॑षाम् । ज्योतिः॑ । आ । अ॒गा॒त् । चि॒त्रः । प्र॒ऽके॒तः । अ॒ज॒नि॒ष्ट॒ । विऽभ्वा॑ । यथा॑ । प्रऽसू॑ता । स॒वि॒तुः । स॒वाय॑ । ए॒व । रात्री॑ । उ॒षसे॑ । योनि॑म् । अ॒रै॒क् ॥
इदम् । श्रेष्ठम् । ज्योतिषाम् । ज्योतिः । आ । अगात् । चित्रः । प्रकेतः । अजनिष्ट । विभ्वा । यथा । प्रसूता । सवितुः । सवाय । एव । रात्री । उषसे । योनिम् । अरैक् ॥
idam | śreṣṭham | jyotiṣām | jyotiḥ | ā | agāt | citraḥ | pra-ketaḥ | ajaniṣṭa | vi-bhvā | yathā | pra-sūtā | savituḥ | savāya | eva | rātrī | uṣase | yonim | araik
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.113.1 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
“best; better; chief(a); beautiful.”
[noun], genitive, plural, neuter
“light; star; luminosity; fire; jyotis [word]; digestion; planet; light; sunlight.”
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
“light; star; luminosity; fire; jyotis [word]; digestion; planet; light; sunlight.”
[verb], singular, Root aorist (Ind.)
“come; arrive.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“manifold; extraordinary; beautiful; divers(a); varicolored; bright; bright; bright; outstanding; agitated; aglitter(p); brilliant; painted; obvious; patched; bizarre.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“sight; knowledge; appearance.”
[verb], singular, Athematic is aor. (Ind.)
“become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
[adverb]
“equally; as; so that; like; how; yathā [word]; that; wherein.”
[noun], locative, singular, feminine
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“Savitar; sun; Surya; Savitṛ.”
[?]
“_”
[adverb]
“indeed; merely; thus; even; surely; same; eva [word]; successively; immediately; in truth.”
[noun], nominative, singular, feminine
“night; night; rātri [word]; turmeric; Rātri; day; night.”
[noun], dative, singular, feminine
“Ushas; dawn; uṣas [word]; morning.”
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine
“vagina; vulva; uterus; beginning; origin; reincarnation; birthplace; family; production; cause; race; grain; raw material; birth; kind; caste; kinship; bed.”
[verb], singular, Athematic s aor. (Ind.)
“empty; liberate; concede; surrender; purge.”