Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.108.8

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

यदि॑न्द्राग्नी॒ यदु॑षु तु॒र्वशे॑षु॒ यद्द्रु॒ह्युष्वनु॑षु पू॒रुषु॒ स्थः । अत॒: परि॑ वृषणा॒वा हि या॒तमथा॒ सोम॑स्य पिबतं सु॒तस्य॑ ॥
यदिन्द्राग्नी यदुषु तुर्वशेषु यद्द्रुह्युष्वनुषु पूरुषु स्थः । अतः परि वृषणावा हि यातमथा सोमस्य पिबतं सुतस्य ॥
yad indrāgnī yaduṣu turvaśeṣu yad druhyuṣv anuṣu pūruṣu sthaḥ | ataḥ pari vṛṣaṇāv ā hi yātam athā somasya pibataṃ sutasya ||

English translation:

“If, Indra and Agni, you are amongst men who are in offensive, malevolent, or tyrannical, or those who live (to fulfil the duties of life), or those who receive the fruits (of good deeds), then, showerers of benefits, come hither from wherever you may be, and drink of the effused Soma libation.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Men who are inoffensive, malevolent: the allusion may be to proper names or many families: yadus, turvaṣas, druhyus, anus and purus, descendants of the five sons of yayāti (Mahābhārata I.138);

Yadu = ahimsaka, non-injurious;

Turvaṣa = himsaka, injurious;

Druhyu = upadravecchu, tyrannical;

Anu = prāṇair yukta, having breath or life;

Puru = kāmai purayitavya, to be filled full of the objects of desire

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): kutsaḥ āṅgirasaḥ [kutsa āṅgirasa];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indrāgnī ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

यत् । इ॒न्द्रा॒ग्नी॒ इति॑ । यदु॑षु । तु॒र्वशे॑षु । यत् । द्रु॒ह्युषु॑ । अनु॑षु । पू॒रुषु॑ । स्थः । अतः॑ । परि॑ । वृ॒ष॒णौ॒ । आ । हि । या॒तम् । अथ॑ । सोम॑स्य । पि॒ब॒त॒म् । सु॒तस्य॑ ॥
यत् । इन्द्राग्नी इति । यदुषु । तुर्वशेषु । यत् । द्रुह्युषु । अनुषु । पूरुषु । स्थः । अतः । परि । वृषणौ । आ । हि । यातम् । अथ । सोमस्य । पिबतम् । सुतस्य ॥
yat | indrāgnī iti | yaduṣu | turvaśeṣu | yat | druhyuṣu | anuṣu | pūruṣu | sthaḥ | ataḥ | pari | vṛṣaṇau | ā | h i | yātam | atha | somasya | pibatam | sutasya

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.108.8 English analysis of grammar]

yad < yat

[adverb]

“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

indrāgnī < indra

[noun], masculine

“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

indrāgnī < agnī < agni

[noun], vocative, dual, masculine

“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

yaduṣu < yadu

[noun], locative, plural, masculine

“Yadu; Yadu.”

turvaśeṣu < turvaśa

[noun], locative, plural, masculine

yad < yat

[adverb]

“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

druhyuṣv < druhyuṣu < druhyu

[noun], locative, plural, masculine

“Druhyu.”

anuṣu < anu

[noun], locative, plural, masculine

“anu; Anu.”

pūruṣu < pūru

[noun], locative, plural, masculine

“Pūru; Pūru.”

sthaḥ < as

[verb], dual, Present indikative

“be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

ataḥ < atas

[adverb]

“now; therefore; then; from there; hence; consequently; then; hence; henceforth.”

pari

[adverb]

“from; about; around.”

vṛṣaṇāv < vṛṣaṇau < vṛṣan

[noun], vocative, dual, masculine

“bull; Indra; stallion; Vṛṣan; man.”

ā

[adverb]

“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

hi

[adverb]

“because; indeed; for; therefore; hi [word].”

yātam <

[verb], dual, Present imperative

“go; enter (a state); travel; disappear; reach; come; campaign; elapse; arrive; drive; reach; leave; run; depart; ride.”

athā < atha

[adverb]

“now; then; furthermore; now; then.”

somasya < soma

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

pibataṃ < pibatam <

[verb], dual, Present imperative

“drink; gulp; soak; drink; suck; inhale.”

sutasya < su

[verb noun], genitive, singular

“press out; su.”

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