Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.100.19

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

वि॒श्वाहेन्द्रो॑ अधिव॒क्ता नो॑ अ॒स्त्वप॑रिह्वृताः सनुयाम॒ वाज॑म् । तन्नो॑ मि॒त्रो वरु॑णो मामहन्ता॒मदि॑ति॒: सिन्धु॑: पृथि॒वी उ॒त द्यौः ॥
विश्वाहेन्द्रो अधिवक्ता नो अस्त्वपरिह्वृताः सनुयाम वाजम् । तन्नो मित्रो वरुणो मामहन्तामदितिः सिन्धुः पृथिवी उत द्यौः ॥
viśvāhendro adhivaktā no astv aparihvṛtāḥ sanuyāma vājam | tan no mitro varuṇo māmahantām aditiḥ sindhuḥ pṛthivī uta dyauḥ ||

English translation:

“May Indra be daily our vindicator, and may we, with undiverted course, enjoy (abundant) food; and may Mitra, Varuṇa, Aditi--ocean, earth and heaven, preserve it to us].”

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vṛṣāgiro mahārājasya putrabhūtā vārṣāgirā ṛjrāśvāmbarīṣasahadeva bhayamānasurādhasaḥ [vṛṣāgira mahārājasya putrabhūtā vārṣāgiras ṛjrāśvāmbarīṣasahadeva bhayamānasurādhasa];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

वि॒श्वाहा॑ । इन्द्रः॑ । अ॒धि॒ऽव॒क्ता । नः॒ । अ॒स्तु॒ । अप॑रिऽह्वृताः । स॒नु॒या॒म॒ । वाज॑म् । तत् । नः॒ । मि॒त्रः । वरु॑णः । म॒म॒ह॒न्ता॒म् । अदि॑तिः । सिन्धुः॑ । पृ॒थि॒वी । उ॒त । द्यौः ॥
विश्वाहा । इन्द्रः । अधिवक्ता । नः । अस्तु । अपरिह्वृताः । सनुयाम । वाजम् । तत् । नः । मित्रः । वरुणः । ममहन्ताम् । अदितिः । सिन्धुः । पृथिवी । उत । द्यौः ॥
viśvāhā | indraḥ | adhi-vaktā | naḥ | astu | apari-hvṛtāḥ | sanuyāma | vājam | tat | naḥ | mitraḥ | varuṇaḥ | mamahantām | aditiḥ | sindhuḥ | pṛthivī | uta | dyauḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.100.19 English analysis of grammar]

viśvāhendro < viśvāhā

[adverb]

“always.”

viśvāhendro < indraḥ < indra

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

adhivaktā < adhivaktṛ

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

no < naḥ < mad

[noun], dative, plural

“I; mine.”

astv < astu < as

[verb], singular, Present imperative

“be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

aparihvṛtāḥ < aparihvṛta

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“aparihvṛta [word]; unhampered.”

sanuyāma < san

[verb], plural, Present optative

“win; get; gain.”

vājam < vāja

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“prize; Vāja; reward; reward; Ribhus; vigor; strength; contest.”

tan < tat < tad

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

no < naḥ < mad

[noun], dative, plural

“I; mine.”

mitro < mitraḥ < mitra

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“friend; Mitra; mitra [word]; sun; ally.”

varuṇo < varuṇaḥ < varuṇa

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Varuna; varuṇa [word]; Crataeva religiosa Forst.; Varuṇa; varuṇādi.”

māmahantām < mah

[verb], plural, Perfect imperative

“give; accord.”

aditiḥ < aditi

[noun], nominative, singular, feminine

“Aditi; aditi [word].”

sindhuḥ < sindhu

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“river; Indus; sindhu [word].”

pṛthivī

[noun], nominative, singular, feminine

“Earth; pṛthivī; floor; Earth; earth; pṛthivī [word]; land.”

uta

[adverb]

“and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”

dyauḥ < div

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

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