Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.95.4
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
क इ॒मं वो॑ नि॒ण्यमा चि॑केत व॒त्सो मा॒तॄर्ज॑नयत स्व॒धाभि॑: । ब॒ह्वी॒नां गर्भो॑ अ॒पसा॑मु॒पस्था॑न्म॒हान्क॒विर्निश्च॑रति स्व॒धावा॑न् ॥
क इमं वो निण्यमा चिकेत वत्सो मातॄर्जनयत स्वधाभिः । बह्वीनां गर्भो अपसामुपस्थान्महान्कविर्निश्चरति स्वधावान् ॥
ka imaṃ vo niṇyam ā ciketa vatso mātṝr janayata svadhābhiḥ | bahvīnāṃ garbho apasām upasthān mahān kavir niś carati svadhāvān ||
English translation:
“Which of you discerns the hidden Agni? a son, he begets his mothers by oblations; the germ of many (waters), he issues from the ocrean, mighty and wise, the recipient of oblations.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Hidden agni: latent heat in the waters, in the woods and in all fixed and moveable things; he begets his mothers: Agni, as lightning is the son of the waters collected in the clouds; he genitive rates those waters by the oblations which he conveys; he issues from the ocean: upasthāt (smudrāt) nirgacchati, Agni is thought to rise in the morning in the shape of the sun from out of the ocean
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): kutsaḥ āṅgirasaḥ [kutsa āṅgirasa];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): satyaguṇaviśiṣṭo'gniḥ śuddho'gnirvā;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
कः । इ॒मम् । वः॒ । नि॒ण्यम् । आ । चि॒के॒त॒ । व॒त्सः । मा॒तॄः । ज॒न॒य॒त॒ । स्व॒ऽधाभिः॑ । ब॒ह्वी॒नाम् । गर्भः॑ । अ॒पसा॑म् । उ॒पऽस्था॑त् । म॒हान् । क॒विः । निः । च॒र॒ति॒ । स्व॒धाऽवा॑न् ॥
कः । इमम् । वः । निण्यम् । आ । चिकेत । वत्सः । मातॄः । जनयत । स्वधाभिः । बह्वीनाम् । गर्भः । अपसाम् । उपस्थात् । महान् । कविः । निः । चरति । स्वधावान् ॥
kaḥ | imam | vaḥ | niṇyam | ā | ciketa | vatsaḥ | mātṝḥ | janayata | sva-dhābhiḥ | bahvīnām | garbhaḥ | apasām | upa-sthāt | mahān | kaviḥ | niḥ | carati | svadhāvān
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.95.4 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“what; who; ka [pronoun].”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
[noun], genitive, plural
“you.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“hidden; concealed; confidential.”
[adverb]
“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“notice; observe; attend to; intend.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“calf; child; Vatsa; vatsa [word]; juvenile; Vatsa; Vatsa; Vatsa; son; male child.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“mother; mātṛkā; mātṛ [word]; parent; Salvinia cucullata Roxb.; Citrullus colocynthis Schrad.; cow.”
[verb], singular, Present injunctive
“cause; give birth; produce; beget; generate; originate; create; create; make.”
[noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
“free will; offering; libation; nature; svadhā [word]; comfort; power.”
[noun], genitive, plural, feminine
“many; much(a); bahu [word]; abundant; long; large; abounding in(p); perennial.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“fetus; garbha; inside; cavity; embryo; uterus; child; pit; garbhadruti; filling; pregnancy; room; abdomen; fertilization; inside; hole; baby; calyx; midst.”
[noun], genitive, plural, feminine
“busy; effective; hardworking.”
[noun], ablative, singular, neuter
“genitalia; lap; sexual desire; anus.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“large; eminent; great; loud; dangerous; strong; long; high; much(a); mahant [word]; ample; very; great; adult; important; dark; high; abundant; violent; remarkable; mighty; big; long.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“poet; wise man; bard; Venus; Uśanas; kavi [word]; Kavi; prophet; guru; Brahma.”
[adverb]
“niḥ; away; out; without.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“car; wander; perform; travel; bore; produce; make; dwell; dig; act; observe; enter (a state); observe; cause; crop; behave; practice; heed; process; administer.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“autonomous; independent.”