Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.92.1
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
ए॒ता उ॒ त्या उ॒षस॑: के॒तुम॑क्रत॒ पूर्वे॒ अर्धे॒ रज॑सो भा॒नुम॑ञ्जते । नि॒ष्कृ॒ण्वा॒ना आयु॑धानीव धृ॒ष्णव॒: प्रति॒ गावोऽरु॑षीर्यन्ति मा॒तर॑: ॥
एता उ त्या उषसः केतुमक्रत पूर्वे अर्धे रजसो भानुमञ्जते । निष्कृण्वाना आयुधानीव धृष्णवः प्रति गावोऽरुषीर्यन्ति मातरः ॥
etā u tyā uṣasaḥ ketum akrata pūrve ardhe rajaso bhānum añjate | niṣkṛṇvānā āyudhānīva dhṛṣṇavaḥ prati gāvo 'ruṣīr yanti mātaraḥ ||
English translation:
“These divinities of the morning have spread light (over the world); they make manifest the light in the eastern portion of the firmament, brightening all things, like warriors burnishing their weapons; the radiant and progressing mothers (of the earth), they travel daily (on their course).”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Uṣāsaḥ (plural): allusion to divinities that preside over the morning; Yāska notes that the plural is used honorifically (Nirukta 12.7); progressed mothers: mātṛ = maker, author; bhāso nirmātryaḥ: authors of light (Nirukta 12.7)
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gotamo rāhūgaṇaḥ [gotama rāhūgaṇa];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): uṣāḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛjjagatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
ए॒ताः । ऊँ॒ इति॑ । त्याः । उ॒षसः॑ । के॒तुम् । अ॒क्र॒त॒ । पूर्वे॑ । अर्धे॑ । रज॑सः । भा॒नुम् । अ॒ञ्ज॒ते॒ । निः॒ऽकृ॒ण्वा॒नाः । आयु॑धानिऽइव । धृ॒ष्णवः॑ । प्रति॑ । गावः॑ । अरु॑षीः । य॒न्ति॒ । मा॒तरः॑ ॥
एताः । ऊँ इति । त्याः । उषसः । केतुम् । अक्रत । पूर्वे । अर्धे । रजसः । भानुम् । अञ्जते । निःकृण्वानाः । आयुधानिइव । धृष्णवः । प्रति । गावः । अरुषीः । यन्ति । मातरः ॥
etāḥ | oṃ iti | tyāḥ | uṣasaḥ | ketum | akrata | pūrve | ardhe | rajasaḥ | bhānum | añjate | niḥ-kṛṇvānāḥ | āyudhāni-iva | dhṛṣṇavaḥ | prati | gāvaḥ | aruṣīḥ | yanti | mātaraḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.92.1 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, plural, feminine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); etad [word].”
[adverb]
“ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”
[noun], nominative, plural, feminine
“that.”
[noun], nominative, plural, feminine
“Ushas; dawn; uṣas [word]; morning.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“banner; ketu; sunbeam; enemy; sign; Premna spinosa Roxb.; comet; signal; signal; luminosity.”
[verb], plural, Root aorist (Ind.)
“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”
[noun], locative, singular, masculine
“aforesaid(a); antecedent; previous(a); first; eastern; former(a); pūrva [word]; age-old; anterior; bygone; fore(a); predictive; firstborn; easterly; instrumental.”
[noun], locative, singular, masculine
“one-half; ardha [word].”
[noun], genitive, singular, neuter
“powder; menorrhea; dust; Rajas; atmosphere; rajas; pollen; passion; rajas [word]; sindūra; rust; tin; impurity; dark; sky.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“sun; Surya; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sunbeam; beam; luminosity; copper; light; twelve; appearance; Bhānu; flare.”
[verb], plural, Present indikative
“smear; anoint; mix; color.”
[verb noun], nominative, plural
“produce; remove.”
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“weapon; āyudha [word].”
[adverb]
“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“brave; ferocious; strong.”
[adverb]
“towards; per; regarding; respectively; according to; until.”
[noun], nominative, plural, feminine
“cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”
[noun], nominative, plural, feminine
“red; red.”
[verb], plural, Present indikative
“go; travel; enter (a state); return; walk; continue; reach; ask.”
[noun], nominative, plural, feminine
“mother; mātṛkā; mātṛ [word]; parent; Salvinia cucullata Roxb.; Citrullus colocynthis Schrad.; cow.”