Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.91.21

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अषा॑ळ्हं यु॒त्सु पृत॑नासु॒ पप्रिं॑ स्व॒र्षाम॒प्सां वृ॒जन॑स्य गो॒पाम् । भ॒रे॒षु॒जां सु॑क्षि॒तिं सु॒श्रव॑सं॒ जय॑न्तं॒ त्वामनु॑ मदेम सोम ॥
अषाळ्हं युत्सु पृतनासु पप्रिं स्वर्षामप्सां वृजनस्य गोपाम् । भरेषुजां सुक्षितिं सुश्रवसं जयन्तं त्वामनु मदेम सोम ॥
aṣāḻhaṃ yutsu pṛtanāsu papriṃ svarṣām apsāṃ vṛjanasya gopām | bhareṣujāṃ sukṣitiṃ suśravasaṃ jayantaṃ tvām anu madema soma ||

English translation:

“We rejoice, Soma, contemplating you, invincible in battle, triumphant amongst hosts, the granter of heaven, the giver of rain, the preserver of strength, born amidst sacrifices, occupying a brilliant dwelling, renowned and victorious.”

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gotamo rāhūgaṇaḥ [gotama rāhūgaṇa];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): somaḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अषा॑ह्ळम् । यु॒त्ऽसु । पृत॑नासु । पप्रि॑म् । स्वः॒ऽसाम् । अ॒प्साम् । वृ॒जन॑स्य । गो॒पाम् । भ॒रे॒षु॒ऽजाम् । सु॒ऽक्षि॒तिम् । सु॒ऽश्रव॑सम् । जय॑न्तम् । त्वाम् । अनु॑ । म॒दे॒म॒ । सो॒म॒ ॥
अषाह्ळम् । युत्सु । पृतनासु । पप्रिम् । स्वःसाम् । अप्साम् । वृजनस्य । गोपाम् । भरेषुजाम् । सुक्षितिम् । सुश्रवसम् । जयन्तम् । त्वाम् । अनु । मदेम । सोम ॥
aṣāhvam | yut-su | pṛtanāsu | paprim | svaḥ-sām | apsām | vṛjanasya | gopām | bhareṣu-jām | su-kṣitim | su-śravasam | jayantam | tvām | anu | madema | soma

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.91.21 English analysis of grammar]

aṣāḍhaṃ < aṣāḍham < aṣāḍha

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“invincible.”

yutsu < yudh

[noun], locative, plural

“battle; fight; war; combat.”

pṛtanāsu < pṛtanā

[noun], locative, plural, feminine

“army; battle; pṛtanā [word]; pṛtanā.”

papriṃ < paprim < papri

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

svarṣām < svarṣā

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

apsāṃ < ap

[noun]

“water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

apsāṃ < sām <

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“winning.”

vṛjanasya < vṛjana

[noun], genitive, singular, neuter

“community; settlement.”

gopām < gopā

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“herder; defender.”

bhareṣujāṃ < bhareṣujām < bhareṣujā

[noun], accusative, singular, feminine

sukṣitiṃ < su

[adverb]

“very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

sukṣitiṃ < kṣitim < kṣiti

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“floor; Earth; earth; pṛthivī; people; dwelling; battlefield; Earth; estate; colony; house.”

suśravasaṃ < suśravasam < suśravas

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

jayantaṃ < jayantam < ji

[verb noun], accusative, singular

“overcome; cure; win; conquer; control; win; succeed; remove; beat; govern; surpass; suppress.”

tvām < tvad

[noun], accusative, singular

“you.”

anu

[adverb]

“subsequently; behind; along; towards; because.”

madema < mad

[verb], plural, Present optative

“rut; intoxicate; delight; revel; rejoice; drink; ramp; exult.”

soma

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

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