Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.87.1

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

प्रत्व॑क्षस॒: प्रत॑वसो विर॒प्शिनोऽना॑नता॒ अवि॑थुरा ऋजी॒षिण॑: । जुष्ट॑तमासो॒ नृत॑मासो अ॒ञ्जिभि॒र्व्या॑नज्रे॒ के चि॑दु॒स्रा इ॑व॒ स्तृभि॑: ॥
प्रत्वक्षसः प्रतवसो विरप्शिनोऽनानता अविथुरा ऋजीषिणः । जुष्टतमासो नृतमासो अञ्जिभिर्व्यानज्रे के चिदुस्रा इव स्तृभिः ॥
pratvakṣasaḥ pratavaso virapśino 'nānatā avithurā ṛjīṣiṇaḥ | juṣṭatamāso nṛtamāso añjibhir vy ānajre ke cid usrā iva stṛbhiḥ ||

English translation:

“Annihilators (of adversaries) endowed with great strength, loud-shouting, unbending inseparable partakers of the evening oblation, constantly worshipped, and leaders (of the clouds), (the Maruts), by their person nal decorations,a re conspicuous (in the sky) like certain rays of the sun.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Inseparable = alway sassociated in troops (hene, marutgaṇa);

Ṛjīṣiṇaḥ = partakers of the evening oblation;

Ṛjīṣa = lit. a frying-pan; here, a synonym of Soma. Maruts are named ṛjīṣinaḥ because they are entitled, at the third daily ceremonial, or evening worship, to a share of the efusion of the ṛjīṣa: ṛjīṣasya abhiṣavat; the term is explained as: 'prārjayitāraḥ rasānām, the acquirers or receivers of the juices; from ṛj, to acquire. person nal decorations: stṛbhiḥ = covering, or clothing; from stṛ, to cover, an epithet of añjibhiḥ, ornaments; svaṣarīrasyācchādakair ābharaṇaiḥ, with ornaments covering their own person ns

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gotamo rāhūgaṇaputraḥ [gotama rāhūgaṇaputra];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): marūtaḥ;
Chandas (meter): virāḍjagatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

प्रऽत्व॑क्षसः । प्रऽत॑वसः । वि॒ऽर॒प्शिनः॑ । अना॑नताः । अवि॑थुराः । ऋ॒जी॒षिणः॑ । जुष्ट॑ऽतमासः । नृऽत॑मासः । अ॒ञ्जिऽभिः॑ । वि । आ॒न॒ज्रे॒ । के । चि॒त् । उ॒स्राइ॑व॒ स्तृभिः॑ ॥
प्रत्वक्षसः । प्रतवसः । विरप्शिनः । अनानताः । अविथुराः । ऋजीषिणः । जुष्टतमासः । नृतमासः । अञ्जिभिः । वि । आनज्रे । के । चित् । उस्राइव स्तृभिः ॥
pra-tvakṣasaḥ | pra-tavasaḥ | vi-rapśinaḥ | anānatāḥ | avithurāḥ | ṛjīṣ iṇaḥ | juṣṭa-tamāsaḥ | nṛ-tamāsaḥ | añji-bhiḥ | vi | ānajre | ke | cit | usrāivastṛbhiḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.87.1 English analysis of grammar]

pratvakṣasaḥ < pratvakṣas

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“strong; vigorous.”

pratavaso < pratavasaḥ < pratavas

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

virapśino < virapśinaḥ < virapśin

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“exuberant; copious; ample.”

'nānatā < an

[adverb]

“not.”

'nānatā < ānatāḥ < ānam < √nam

[verb noun], nominative, plural

“bend; bow; crouch; bend.”

avithurā < a

[adverb]

“not; akāra; a [taddhita]; a [word]; a; a.”

avithurā < vithurāḥ < vithura

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“weak.”

ṛjīṣiṇaḥ < ṛjīṣin

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

juṣṭatamāso < juṣṭatamāsaḥ < juṣṭatama

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

nṛtamāso < nṛtamāsaḥ < nṛtama

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

añjibhir < añjibhiḥ < añji

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

“color; ointment; adornment.”

vy < vi

[adverb]

“apart; away; away.”

ānajre < añj

[verb], plural, Perfect indicative

“smear; anoint; mix; color.”

kecid < kaścit

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“any(a); some(a); some(a); some(a); some(a).”

usrā < usrāḥ < usra

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“beam; Asvins.”

iva

[adverb]

“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

stṛbhiḥ < star

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

“star.”

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