Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.84.18
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
को अ॒ग्निमी॑ट्टे ह॒विषा॑ घृ॒तेन॑ स्रु॒चा य॑जाता ऋ॒तुभि॑र्ध्रु॒वेभि॑: । कस्मै॑ दे॒वा आ व॑हाना॒शु होम॒ को मं॑सते वी॒तिहो॑त्रः सुदे॒वः ॥
को अग्निमीट्टे हविषा घृतेन स्रुचा यजाता ऋतुभिर्ध्रुवेभिः । कस्मै देवा आ वहानाशु होम को मंसते वीतिहोत्रः सुदेवः ॥
ko agnim īṭṭe haviṣā ghṛtena srucā yajātā ṛtubhir dhruvebhiḥ | kasmai devā ā vahān āśu homa ko maṃsate vītihotraḥ sudevaḥ ||
English translation:
“Who praises the (sacrificial) fire, (lighted for Indra), or worships him with the oblation of clarified butter, presented in the ladle, according to the constant seasons? To whom do the gods quickly bring (the wealth) that has been called for? What sacrificer, engaged in offering oblations and favoured by the gods, thoroughly knows Indra?”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Ṛtubhir dhruvebhiḥ, according to the constant seasons; alternative reading: 'presented by the divinities called Ṛtus, who preside over sacrifices' (e.g., ṛtavo vai prayājāḥ, the ṛtus are the chief sacrifices, i.e. prayājādevatāḥ, the deities presiding over the sacrifices).
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gotamo rāhūgaṇaḥ [gotama rāhūgaṇa];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
कः । अ॒ग्निम् । ई॒ट्टे॒ । ह॒विषा॑ । घृ॒तेन॑ । स्रु॒चा । य॒जा॒तै॒ । ऋ॒तुऽभिः॑ । ध्रु॒वेभिः॑ । कस्मै॑ । दे॒वाः । आ । व॒हा॒न् । आ॒शु । होम॑ । कः । मं॒स॒ते॒ । वी॒तिऽहो॑त्रः । सु॒ऽदे॒वः ॥
कः । अग्निम् । ईट्टे । हविषा । घृतेन । स्रुचा । यजातै । ऋतुभिः । ध्रुवेभिः । कस्मै । देवाः । आ । वहान् । आशु । होम । कः । मंसते । वीतिहोत्रः । सुदेवः ॥
kaḥ | agnim | īṭe | haviṣā | ghṛtena | srucā | yajātai | ṛtu-bhiḥ | dhruvebhiḥ | kasmai | devāḥ | ā | vahān | āśu | homa | kaḥ | maṃsate | vīti-hotraḥ | su-devaḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.84.18 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“what; who; ka [pronoun].”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“praise; invite; raise.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
“Havya; offering; ghee; havis [word].”
[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
“ghee; fat.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
“Sruc.”
[verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
“sacrifice; worship; worship.”
[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
“season; turn; menstruation; ṛtu [word]; time period; order; six.”
[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
“certain; fixed; permanent; changeless; firm; safe; resident; immovable; fixed; fixed; vital; faithful.”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“what; who; ka [pronoun].”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
[adverb]
“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”
[verb], plural, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
“transport; bring; marry; run; drive; vāhay; drive; run; pull; nirvāpay; blow; transport; discharge; assume; remove.”
[adverb]
“quickly; promptly; suddenly.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“Homa; yajña.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“what; who; ka [pronoun].”
[verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj.
“think of; name; believe; teach; honor; deem; recommend; approve; think; define; call; respect; believe; enumerate; understand; see; describe.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
[adverb]
“very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”