Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.81.3
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
यदु॒दीर॑त आ॒जयो॑ धृ॒ष्णवे॑ धीयते॒ धना॑ । यु॒क्ष्वा म॑द॒च्युता॒ हरी॒ कं हन॒: कं वसौ॑ दधो॒ऽस्माँ इ॑न्द्र॒ वसौ॑ दधः ॥
यदुदीरत आजयो धृष्णवे धीयते धना । युक्ष्वा मदच्युता हरी कं हनः कं वसौ दधोऽस्माँ इन्द्र वसौ दधः ॥
yad udīrata ājayo dhṛṣṇave dhīyate dhanā | yukṣvā madacyutā harī kaṃ hanaḥ kaṃ vasau dadho 'smām̐ indra vasau dadhaḥ ||
English translation:
“When battles arise, wealth devolves on the victor; yoke your horses, humblers of the pride (of the foe), that you may destroy one and enrich another; plural ce us, Indra, in affluence.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Gotama, the son of Rāhūgaṇa, was the purohita of the kuru and sṛñjaya princes, and, in an engagement with other kings, propitiated Indra by this hymn, who, in consequence, gave the victory to the former. kam (whom) is explained by kañcit (anyone, someone), i.e., Indra gives the victory to whomsoever he is plural ased with
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gotamo rāhūgaṇaḥ [gotama rāhūgaṇa];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): nicṛdāstārapaṅkti ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
यत् । उ॒त्ऽईर॑ते । आ॒जयः॑ । धृ॒ष्णवे॑ । धी॒य॒ते॒ । धना॑ । यु॒क्ष्व । म॒द॒ऽच्युता॑ । हरी॒ इति॑ । कम् । हनः॑ । कम् । वसौ॑ । द॒धः॒ । अस्मान् । इ॒न्द्र॒ । वसौ॑ । दधः ॥
यत् । उत्ईरते । आजयः । धृष्णवे । धीयते । धना । युक्ष्व । मदच्युता । हरी इति । कम् । हनः । कम् । वसौ । दधः । अस्मान् । इन्द्र । वसौ । दधः ॥
yat | ut-īrate | ājayaḥ | dhṛṣṇave | dhīyate | dhanā | yukṣva | mada-cyutā | harī iti | kam | hanaḥ | kam | vasau | dadhaḥ | asmān | indra | vasau | dadhaḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.81.3 English analysis of grammar]
[adverb]
“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”
[verb], plural, Present indikative
“originate.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“battle; fight; contest; āji [word]; combat.”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“brave; ferocious; strong.”
[verb], singular, Indikativ Pr￤s. Passiv
“put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
“wealth; property; money; treasure; prize; dhana [word]; valuable; dhan; capital; fight.”
[verb], singular, Aorist imperative
“mix; use; endow; yoke; accompany; to practice Yoga; connect; hire; administer; compound; affect; add; concentrate; unite; join; prosecute; combine; supply; compound; attach to; appoint; fill; process; mobilize; mount; complement; eat; join; treat; coincide; affect; challenge.”
[noun], accusative, dual, masculine
“proud.”
[noun], accusative, dual, masculine
“Vishnu; monkey; Krishna; horse; lion; Indra; Hari; Surya; Hari; haritāla; Hari; snake; frog.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“what; who; ka [pronoun].”
[verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
“kill; cure; māray; remove; destroy; hit; injure; damage; destroy; paralyze; hurt; forge; beat; cut off; stop; overwhelm; kick; hunt; affect; strike; hammer; love; obstruct; shoot.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“what; who; ka [pronoun].”
[noun], locative, singular, neuter
“wealth; property; gold; vasu [word]; ruby; treasure; jewel.”
[verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
“put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”
[noun], accusative, plural
“I; mine.”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
[noun], locative, singular, neuter
“wealth; property; gold; vasu [word]; ruby; treasure; jewel.”
[verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
“put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”