Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.81.1
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
इन्द्रो॒ मदा॑य वावृधे॒ शव॑से वृत्र॒हा नृभि॑: । तमिन्म॒हत्स्वा॒जिषू॒तेमर्भे॑ हवामहे॒ स वाजे॑षु॒ प्र नो॑ऽविषत् ॥
इन्द्रो मदाय वावृधे शवसे वृत्रहा नृभिः । तमिन्महत्स्वाजिषूतेमर्भे हवामहे स वाजेषु प्र नोऽविषत् ॥
indro madāya vāvṛdhe śavase vṛtrahā nṛbhiḥ | tam in mahatsv ājiṣūtem arbhe havāmahe sa vājeṣu pra no 'viṣat ||
English translation:
“Indra, the slayer of Vṛtra, has been augmented in strength and satisfaction by (the adoration of) men; we invoke him in great conflicts as well as in little conflicts; may he defend us in battles.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Augmented in strength and satisfaction: 'a deity acquiring vigour by praise increases (vardhate)', i.e., becomes more powerful and mighty
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gotamo rāhūgaṇaḥ [gotama rāhūgaṇa];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): virāṭpaṅkti ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
इन्द्रः॑ । मदा॑य । व॒वृ॒धे॒ । शव॑से । वृ॒त्र॒ऽहा । नृऽभिः॑ । तम् । इत् । म॒हत्ऽसु॑ । आ॒जिषु॑ । उ॒त । ई॒म् । अर्भे॑ । ह॒वा॒म॒हे॒ । सः । वाजे॑षु । प्र । नः॒ । अ॒वि॒ष॒त् ॥
इन्द्रः । मदाय । ववृधे । शवसे । वृत्रहा । नृभिः । तम् । इत् । महत्सु । आजिषु । उत । ईम् । अर्भे । हवामहे । सः । वाजेषु । प्र । नः । अविषत् ॥
indraḥ | madāya | vavṛdhe | śavase | vṛtra-hā | nṛ-bhiḥ | tam | it | mahat-su | ājiṣu | uta | īm | arbhe | havāmahe | saḥ | vājeṣu | pra | naḥ | aviṣat
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.81.1 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“drunkenness; mada; estrus; excitement; sexual arousal; alcohol; musth; mad; mada; ecstasy; pride; drink; joy; arrogance; vivification.”
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“increase; grow; vṛdh; increase; succeed; strengthen; grow up; spread.”
[noun], dative, singular, neuter
“strength; power; superiority.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Indra.”
[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
“man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[adverb]
“indeed; assuredly; entirely.”
[noun], locative, plural, masculine
“large; eminent; great; loud; dangerous; strong; long; high; much(a); mahant [word]; ample; very; great; adult; important; dark; high; abundant; violent; remarkable; mighty; big; long.”
[noun], locative, plural, masculine
“battle; fight; contest; āji [word]; combat.”
[adverb]
“and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”
[adverb]
[noun], locative, singular, masculine
“few; small; unimportant.”
[verb], plural, Present indikative
“raise; call on; call; summon.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[noun], locative, plural, masculine
“prize; Vāja; reward; reward; Ribhus; vigor; strength; contest.”
[adverb]
“towards; ahead.”
[noun], accusative, plural
“I; mine.”
[verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj.
“support; help; prefer; prefer; like.”