Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.80.1

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

इ॒त्था हि सोम॒ इन्मदे॑ ब्र॒ह्मा च॒कार॒ वर्ध॑नम् । शवि॑ष्ठ वज्रि॒न्नोज॑सा पृथि॒व्या निः श॑शा॒ अहि॒मर्च॒न्ननु॑ स्व॒राज्य॑म् ॥
इत्था हि सोम इन्मदे ब्रह्मा चकार वर्धनम् । शविष्ठ वज्रिन्नोजसा पृथिव्या निः शशा अहिमर्चन्ननु स्वराज्यम् ॥
itthā hi soma in made brahmā cakāra vardhanam | śaviṣṭha vajrinn ojasā pṛthivyā niḥ śaśā ahim arcann anu svarājyam ||

English translation:

“Mighty wielder of the thunderbolt, when the priest had thus exalted you (by praise), and exhilarating Soma (had been drunk), you did expel, by your vigour, Ahi from the earth, manifesting your own soverignty.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Brahmā = brāhmaṇa; this sūka is arcannanu svarājyam: arcannanu is interpreted as prakaṭayan: svsya svāmitvam prakaṭayan, making manifest his own mastership or supremacy

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gotamo rāhūgaṇaḥ [gotama rāhūgaṇa];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): nicṛdāstārapaṅkti ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

इ॒त्था । हि । सोमे॑ । इत् । मदे॑ । ब्र॒ह्मा । च॒कार॑ । वर्ध॑नम् । शवि॑ष्ठ । व॒ज्रि॒न् ओज॑सा । पृ॒थि॒व्याः । निः । श॒शाः॒ । अहि॑म् । अर्च॑न् । अनु॑ । स्व॒ऽराज्य॑म् ॥
इत्था । हि । सोमे । इत् । मदे । ब्रह्मा । चकार । वर्धनम् । शविष्ठ । वज्रिन् ओजसा । पृथिव्याः । निः । शशाः । अहिम् । अर्चन् । अनु । स्वराज्यम् ॥
itthā | hi | some | it | made | brahmā | cakāra | vardhanam | śaviṣṭha | vajrin ojasā | pṛthivyāḥ | niḥ | śaśāḥ | ahim | arcan | anu | sva-rājyam

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.80.1 English analysis of grammar]

itthā

[adverb]

“thus; here.”

hi

[adverb]

“because; indeed; for; therefore; hi [word].”

soma < some < soma

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

in < id

[adverb]

“indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

made < mada

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“drunkenness; mada; estrus; excitement; sexual arousal; alcohol; musth; mad; mada; ecstasy; pride; drink; joy; arrogance; vivification.”

brahmā < brahman

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Brahma; Brahmin; dhak; Brahman; brahman [word]; Brahman; Brahmin; Brahmapurāṇa; Vishnu; Brihaspati.”

cakāra < kṛ

[verb], singular, Perfect indicative

“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

vardhanam < vardhana

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“increasing; fortifying; promotive; prolonging.”

śaviṣṭha

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“mighty.”

vajrinn < vajrin

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“Indra; vajra; Euphorbia neriifolia L.; abhra; Buddha.”

ojasā < ojas

[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter

“strength; power; ojas; ojas [word]; potency; might.”

pṛthivyā < pṛthivyāḥ < pṛthivī

[noun], ablative, singular, feminine

“Earth; pṛthivī; floor; Earth; earth; pṛthivī [word]; land.”

niḥ

[adverb]

“niḥ; away; out; without.”

śaśā < śaśāḥ < śās

[verb], singular, Perfect injunctive

“teach; govern; command; order; control; tell; recommend; chastize; instruct.”

ahim < ahi

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“snake; lead; nāga; Nāga; ahi [word]; Vṛtra.”

arcann < arcan < arc

[verb], plural, Present injunctive

“sing; worship; honor; praise; welcome.”

anu

[adverb]

“subsequently; behind; along; towards; because.”

svarājyam < sva

[noun]

“own(a); respective(a); akin(p); sva [word]; individual; present(a); independent.”

svarājyam < rājyam < rājya

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“kingdom; kingship; sovereignty; rājya [word].”

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